Wulansari, Angela (2017) Efek Hipokolesterolemik Mi Instan, Roti Tawar, Dan Biskuit Fortifikasi Fraksi Tidak Tersabunkan Dari Distilat Asam Lemak Minyak Sawit Pada Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu hasil samping pemurnian minyak sawit adalah distilat asam lemak minyak sawit (DALMS). DALMS memiliki kandungan bioaktif berupa vitamin E, fitosterol dan skualen yang berpotensi memiliki efek hipokolesterolemik apabila dikonsumsi. Saponifikasi pada DALMS akan menghasilkan fraksi tidak tersabunkan (FTT) yang kaya akan vitamin E, fitosterol dan skualen. Mi instan, roti tawar dan biskuit merupakan produk pangan pengganti nasi yang jumlah konsumsinya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Fortifikasi FTT DALMS pada produk pangan tersebut dapat menjadi alternatif pangan yang memiliki efek hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mi instan, roti tawar dan biskuit yang difortifikasi 1% FTT DALMS terhadap profil lipid, kadar kolesterol feses dan hati, kadar asam empedu feses dan hati, serta gambaran histopatologi dan ketebalan intima media aorta tikus hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan percobaan tersarang (Nested Design) dengan 2 faktor (kelompok perlakuan dan waktu pengambilan sampel darah) dan 5 ulangan serta metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) untuk pengelompokan obyek penelitian. Kandungan bioaktif dianalisa menggunakan HPLC dan GC-MS. Analisa profil lipid darah menggunakan metode enzimatis. Analisa kadar kolesterol feses dan hati menggunakan metode Liebermann-Buchards. Analisa kadar asam empedu menggunakan metode enzimatis dengan bile acid assay kit. Dilakukan pewarnaan H&E pada aorta tikus dan pengukuran ketebalan intima media aorta dilakukan pada empat sisi yang berbeda. Analisa data menggunakan analisa ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biskuit memiliki kadar vitamin E (409,53 ppm) dan fitosterol (51.558,89 ppm) tertinggi dibandingkan dengan roti tawar dan mi instan. Kadar skualen (1.935,44 ppm) tertinggi ada pada mi instan. Kadar total kolesterol turun 48,45%, trigliserida turun 40,90%, LDL turun 57,64%, dan HDL naik 186,76% pada kelompok tikus hiperkolesterolemia yang diberi pakan roti tawar fortifikasi 1% FTT. Kelompok tersebut juga memiliki kadar kolesterol feses (55,58 mg/100g) tertinggi, kolesterol hati (34,20 mg/100g) terendah, asam empedu feses (35,94 μM/100g bw) tertinggi dan asam empedu hati (39,07 μM/100g bw) tertinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus hiperkolesterolemia yang lain. Gambaran histopatologi aorta tikus hiperkolesterolemia yang diberi pakan mi instan, roti tawar dan biskuit yang difortifikasi 1% FTT DALMS memiliki gambaran aorta yang menyerupai kelompok tikus normal. Ketebalan intima media aorta tidak berbeda nyata antara tikus normal dan tikus hiperkolesterolemia kontrol. Pemberian diet aterogenik selama 14 hari belum dapat menginduksi terjadinya penebalan aorta pada tikus
English Abstract
Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is one of palm refining by-product. PFAD contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin E, phytosterols and squalene. Bioactive compounds of PFAD are separated by saponification that produced unsaponifiable matters (USM). Vitamin E, phytosterols and squalene have many health benefits such as reduce blood cholesterol level and give protective effect against cardiovascular disease. High mortality rate caused by cardiovascular disease is one reason behind high demand of functional food. Instant noodles, bread and biscuit are high consumpted alternative food for replace rice, which is suitable to be fortified with USM. This study evaluated the effect of instant noodles, bread and biscuit fortified with USM from PFAD to improve lipid profile, increase fecal cholesterol, decrease liver cholesterol, increase fecal and liver bile acids, improve aortic histophatology and decrease aortic intima media thickness in hypercholesterolemia rats. This study was experimental laboratory research with nested design and randomized block design. Vitamin E and phytosterols were analysed with HPLC. Squalene was analysed with GC-MS. Lipid profile such as total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were analysed with CHOD-PAP method and triglyceride was analyzed with GPOPAP. Fecal and liver cholesterol were analised with Liebermand-Buchards method. Fecal and liver bile acids were analized using enzymatic method with bile acids assay kit. Aorta samples were dyed with H&E and aortic intima media thickness was measured from four different side of the aorta (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°). The result of this study showed biscuit had the highest vitamin E (409,53 ppm) and phytosterols (51.558,89 ppm) contents. Instant noodles had the highest squalene content (1.935,44 ppm). Hyphercholesterol rats which fed with 1% USM fortified bread reduced 48,45% blood total cholesterol level, 40,90% blood triglyceride level, 57,64% LDL cholesterol level, and increased 186,76% HDL cholesterol level. This group also had highest fecal cholesterol (55,58 mg/100g), fecal bile acids (35,94 μM/100g bw), liver bile acids (39,07 μM/100g bw), and least liver cholesterol level (34,20 mg/100g). Hypercholesterol rats group which fed with 1% USM fortified instant noodle, bread and biscuit had similar aortic histophatological image with normal rats group. Aortic intimal media thickness in normal rats group and hypercholesterol rats group did not significantly different. This result showed 14 days period of atherogenic diet feeding could not induce atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemia rats groups. It needed longer period to induce atherosclerosis in rats’s aorta.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/613.284/WUL/e/2017/041709014 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS, NOODLE, BREAD, BISCUIT, PALMS, FATTY ACIDS |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 613 Personal health and safety > 613.2 Dietetics > 613.28 Specific nutritive elements > 613.284 Fats and oils |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2017 04:39 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2021 02:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/3075 |
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