Nurrachmadiati, Fathillah (2020) Optimasi Komposit dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik dari Pati Umbi Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker) dan Selulosa Asetat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu usaha untuk mengatasi masalah sampah plastik yang sulit diuraikan adalah dengan membuat bioplastik dari polimer alam, seperti pati, selulosa, kitosan dan protein. Pati umbi ganyong memilki kandungan amilosa dan amilopektin yang seimbang. Hanya saja bioplastik berbahan pati kurang tahan terhadap air (hidrofilik) dan kekuatan mekaniknya (kuat tarik) rendah. Salah satu cara mengatasinya adalah dengan memberikan bahan campuran bersifat hidrofobik sebagai pengisi (filler). Selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan salah satu jenis polimer bersifat hidrofobik dengan kadar serat dan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 (gram) dan konsentrasi selulosa asetat TKKS 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, dan 3 (gram) melalui metode solution casting sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan. Uji karakteristik yang dilakukan meliputi uji kuat tarik, perpanjangan, elastisitas, dan daya serap air. Data hasil uji karakteristik dianalisis dan dilanjutkan dengan optimasi terhadap respon menggunakan software Design Expert 10.0.3 (trial version) metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model User Defined Design (UDD). Komposisi bioplastik yang disarankan divalidasi sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji gugus fungsi Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Bioplastik yang dihasilkan berwarna putih transparant, permukaan sedikit halus, dan mudah menempel jika bersentuhan dengan benda lain. Hasil uji karakteristik terbaik untuk kuat tarik sebesar 14.87 MPa pada konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 6 gram dan selulosa asetat TKKS 1 gram, perpanjangan sebesar 27,78% pada konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 5 gram dan selulosa asetat TKKS 2 gram, elastisitas sebesar 141.33 MPa pada konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 6 gram dan selulosa asetat TKKS 1 gram, serta daya serap air sebesar 12.95% pada konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 5 gram dan selulosa asetat TKKS 3 gram. Hasil analisis data uji karakteristik pemodelan dan optimasi respon kuat tarik menghasilkan model kubik dengan persamaan Y = - 46.52665 + 16.98403*X1 + 46.36496*X2 – 8.33793*X1*X2 – 2.02013*X12 – 15.89332*X22 – 0.26926*X12*X2 + 2.44191*X1*X22 + 0.20326*X13 + 1.16484*X23, respon perpanjangan menghasilkan model kuadratik dengan persamaan Y = - 27.44889 + 9.97206*X1 + 24.31365*X2 + 0.49778*X1*X2 -1.09206*X12 – 6.47619*X22, respon elastisitas menghasilkan model kubik dengan persamaan Y = - 4.72767 + 2.48318*X1 + 3.23589*X2 – 1.01686*X1*X2 – 0.38977*X12 – 0.66614*X22 – 0.025119*X12*X2 + 0.28037*X1*X22 + 0.036640*X13 – 0.052315*X23, serta respon daya serap air menghasilkan model kubik dengan persamaan Y = - 747.94752 + 520.36511*X1 + 229.47938*X2 – 102.42590*X1*X2 – 104.12967*X12 + 2.04079*X22 + 3.87410*X12*X2 + 15.67387*X1*X22 + 7.46471*X13 – 11.74190*X23. Hasil optimasi menghasilkan komposisi optimum bioplastik pada konsentrasi pati umbi ganyong 6 gram dan konsentrasi selulosa asetat TKKS 1 gram dengan hasil prediksi respon kuat tarik sebesar 13.1 MPa, respon perpanjangan sebesar 13.9%, respon elastisitas sebesar 124.8 MPa, dan respon daya serap air sebesar 76.7%. Hasil validasi komposisi optimum mendapatkan nilai kuat tarik sebesar 13.10 MPa, perpanjangan sebesar 13.83%, elastisitas dengan hasil validasi sebesar 124.83 MPa, dan daya serap air sebesar 76.67%. Komposisi tersebut membentuk gugus fungsi O-H asam karboksilat monomer dan alkohol ikatan hidrogen/ fenol, C=C alkuna, C=C alkena, C-O alkohol, eter, asam karboksilat dan ester, C-H cincin aromatik dan C-H alkena.
English Abstract
One way to overcome the problem of plastic waste that is difficult to decipher can be done by making bioplastics from natural polymers, such as starch, cellulose, chitosan and protein. Canna tuber starch has a balanced content of amylose and amylopectin. Starch-based bioplastics are less resistant to water (hydrophilic) and low mechanical strength (tensile strength). One way to overcome this cam be done by providing a hydrophobic mixture as a filler. Cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is a type of polymer that is hydrophobic with a fairly high fiber content. The research was conducted through the stages of making bioplastics using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely the concentration of canna root starches 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (gram) and the concentration of cellulose acetate TKKS 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 (gram) through the solution casting method three times. Characteristic tests carried out included tests of tensile strength, elongation, elasticity, and water absorption. Characteristic test results were analyzed and followed by optimization of responses using the Design Expert 10.0.3 (trial version) Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method of the User Defined Design (UDD) model. The suggested bioplastic composition was validated three times and continued with the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) functional group test. The resulting bioplastics are transparent white, the surface is a bit smoother, and easy to stick when in contact with other objects. The best characteristic test results for tensile strength of 14.87 MPa at 6 gram canna root starch concentrations and 1 gram OPEFB cellulose acetate, an extension of 27.78% at 5 gr canna root starch concentrations and 2 gram OPEFB cellulose acetate, elasticity of 141.33 MPa at 6 gram canna root starch concentration and 1 gram OPEFB cellulose acetate, and water absorption of 12.95% at 5 gram canna root starch concentration and 3 gram OPEFB cellulose acetate. The results of the analysis of the modeling characteristics and optimization of the tensile strength response result in a cubic model with the equation Y = - 46.52665 + 16.98403*X1 + 46.36496*X2 – 8.33793*X1*X2 – 2.02013*X12 – 15.89332*X22 – 0.26926*X12*X2 + 2.44191*X1*X22 + 0.20326*X13 + 1.16484*X23, the elongation response produces a quadratic model with the equation Y = - 27.44889 + 9.97206*X1 + 24.31365*X2 + 0.49778*X1*X2 -1.09206*X12 – 6.47619*X22, the elasticity response produces a cubic model with the equation Y = - 4.72767 + 2.48318*X1 + 3.23589*X2 – 1.01686*X1*X2 – 0.38977*X12 – 0.66614*X22 – 0.025119*X12*X2 + 0.28037*X1*X22 + 0.036640*X13 – 0.052315*X23, and the response of water absorption results in a cubic model with the equation Y = - 747.94752 + 520.36511*X1 + 229.47938*X2 – 102.42590*X1*X2 – 104.12967*X12 + 2.04079*X22 + 3.87410*X12*X2 + 15.67387*X1*X22 + 7.46471*X13 – 11.74190*X23. The optimization results produce optimum bioplastic composition at 6 gram canna root starch concentration and 1 gram OPEFB cellulose acetate concentration with prediction of tensile strength response of 13.1 MPa, elongation response of 13.9%, elasticity response of 124.8 MPa, and water absorption response of 76.7%. The results of the optimum composition validation get a tensile strength value of 13.10 MPa, an extension of 13.83%, elasticity with validation results of 124.8 MPa, and water absorption of 76.67%. The composition forms the functional groups of O-H carboxylic acid monomers and hydrogen / phenol bond alcohols, C = C alkenes, C = C alkenes, C-O alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and esters, C-H aromatic rings and C-H alkenes.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2020/40/052002912 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioplastik, Karakteristik, Optimasi, Pati Umbi Ganyong, Selulosa Asetat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Bioplastics, Canna Bulbs Starch, Characteristics, Optimization, Palm Cellulose Acetate Empty Fruit Bunches |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 664 Food technology > 664.02 Processes > 664.028 Preseravation techniques |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 06:37 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Apr 2023 02:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181271 |
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