Ekstraksi Senyawa Penolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Americanum L) Kering Maserasi Dengan Perlakuan Awal Pulsed Electric Fild (Pef)

Sita, Putri Fitriani (2019) Ekstraksi Senyawa Penolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Americanum L) Kering Maserasi Dengan Perlakuan Awal Pulsed Electric Fild (Pef). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang ketersediannya melimpah di Indonesia. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan luas tanam sebesar 7.334.397 m2 dengan rata-rata luas tanam yang dikelola per rumah tangga yaitu 578 m2. Kemangi berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan karena mengandung senyawa fenolik seperti fenol dan flavonoid. Selama ini, pengambilan senyawa fenolik daun kemangi dilakukan dengan maserasi. Maserasi memiliki kelemahan yaitu membutuhkan waktu lama, pelarut banyak, serta rendemen rendah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode terbarukan guna meningkatkan rendemen senyawa fenolik daun kemangi. Salah satu metode yang banyak dikembangkan yaitu penerapan perlakuan awal Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). PEF terbukti dapat meningkatkan rendemen, total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan. PEF dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti waktu paparan dan tegangan. Semakin lama waktu paparan dan semakin tinggi tegangan akan meningkatkan kadar senyawa aktif, namun jika perlakuan yang diberikan melebihi titik optimal akan menyebabkan penurunan kadar senyawa aktif. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu paparan dan tegangan PEF terhadap kadar air, total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kemangi, mendapatkan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik serta mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan awal PEF terhadap gugus fungsi ekstrak daun kemangi. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu waktu paparan (10, 15, 20 detik) dan tegangan PEF (1000, 1500, 2000 Volt), sehingga didapatkan 9 perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 2 kali sehingga didapatkan 18 satuan percobaan. Kontrol pada penelitian ini yaitu ekstraksi daun kemangi tanpa perlakuan awal PEF, yang diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Data dianalis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat interaksi antar perlakuan dilanjutkan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan waktu paparan dan tegangan PEF berpengaruh signifikan terhadap total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air. Perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini didapatkan pada waktu paparan 10 detik dan tegangan 1500 Volt dengan nilai kadar air, total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan masingmasing sebesar 4,84%; 260,5 mg GAE/g dan 35,96 ppm. Sampel kontrol memiliki kadar air, total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan masing-masing sebesar 3,8%; 175,75 mg GAE/g dan 116,25 ppm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya perlakuan awal PEF dapat meningkatkan kadar air, total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan esktrak daun kemangi. Hasil analisis gugus fungsi metode Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi senyawa fenolik pada ekstrak daun kemangi perlakuan terbaik. Adanya perlakuan PEF meningkatkan serapan atau menurunkan transmitansi yang artinya konsentrasi senyawa yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.

English Abstract

Basil (Ocimum americanum L.) is a medicinal plant with abundant availability in Indonesia. This is indicated by the planting area of 7,334,397 m2 with the average planting area managed per household which is 578 m2. Basil has the potential as a source of antioxidants because it contains phenolic compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. During this time, taking basil leaf phenolic compounds is done by maceration. Maseration has a weakness that takes a long time, many solvents, and low yield. Therefore a renewable method is needed to increase the yield of basil phenolic compounds. One method that is widely developed is the application of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) as pretreatment. PEF has been shown to increase yield, total phenol and antioxidant activity. PEF is influenced by several factors such as exposure time and voltage. The longer the exposure time and the higher the voltage will increase the level of the active compound, but if the treatment given exceeds the optimal point will cause a decrease in the level of the active compound. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure time and voltage of PEF on moisture content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of basil leaf extract, get the best combination of treatments and determine the effect of PEF pre-treatment on functional groups of basil leaf extract. The study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors: exposure time (10, 15, 20 seconds) and PEF voltage (1000, 1500, 2000 Volt), so that 9 treatments were obtained. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units. The control in this study was extracting basil leaves without PEF pre-treatment, which was repeated twice. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there is interaction between treatments followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence interval of 95%. The results showed that the treatment of exposure time and voltage had a significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant activity, but did not significantly affect water content. The best treatment in this study was obtained at a exposure time of 10 seconds and a voltage of 1500 volts with the value of water content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity respectively of 4.84%; 260.5 mg GAE/g and 35.96 ppm. Control samples had water content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity respectively of 3.8%; 175.75 mg GAE/g and 116.25 ppm. This indicates that PEF pre-treatment can increase water content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of basil leaf extract. The results of functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) method showed that the functional groups of phenolic compounds in basil leaf extract were the best treatment. The presence of PEF treatment increases absorption or decreases transmittance which means the concentration of the resulting compound is higher

Other obstract

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Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FTP/2019/242/052002063
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antioksidan, Daun Kemangi, Pulsed Electric Field, Senyawa Fenolik, Antioxidant, Basil Leaves, Pulsed Electric Field, Phenolic Compound
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 664 Food technology > 664.02 Processes > 664.022 Extraction
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2020 07:07
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2021 03:16
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/180198

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