Oktika, Dian (2019) Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Dan Suhu Maserasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mengandung senyawa aktif fenolik, flavonoid, flavon dan flavanon, polifenol, saponin, tanin, alkaloid serta minyak atsiri. Setiap 100 g daun kenikir mengandung 420,85 mg total flavonoid serta 1.225,88 mg total fenol. Daun kenikir berfungsi sebagai antidiabetes, antihipertensi, antimikroba, antiosteoporosis dan anti-inflamasi. Kandungan daun kenikir berpotensi dijadikan sumber bubuk antioksidan melalui proses ekstraksi. Jenis pelarut dan suhu ekstraksi merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam proses ekstraksi karena jika tidak tepat dapat mengurangi senyawa antioksidan yang terekstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara jenis pelarut dan suhu maserasi terhadap kadar air, kadar total fenol, rendemen fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kenikir serta mencari kombinasi jenis pelarut dan suhu maserasi yang akan menghasilkan kadar air, kadar total fenol, rendemen fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kenikir terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial, melibatkan dua faktor yaitu jenis pelarut (etanol 90%; akuades; metanol 90%) serta suhu maserasi (30ºC; 40ºC; 50ºC) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diuji diantaranya yaitu kadar air, kadar total fenol, rendemen fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kenikir. Analisis dataviii menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) dan uji lanjut BNT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara jenis pelarut dengan suhu maserasi tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air, total fenol, rendemen fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan. Suhu maserasi dan jenis pelarut memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air, rendemen fenol dan total fenol. Suhu tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, namun jenis pelarut memberikan pengaruh signifikan. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan dari kombinasi perlakuan pelarut metanol dan suhu maserasi 30°C dengan nilai rata-rata kadar air sebesar 9,262%, total fenol sebesar 212,359 mgGAE/g, rendemen fenol sebesar 1,395%, dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 46,546 ppm. Koefisien transfer massa (KLa) tertinggi diperoleh dari pelarut akuades sebesar 1,52208 det-1, sedangkan koefisien transfer massa (KLa) terendah diperoleh pada pelarut metanol sebesar 0,52120 det-1. Semakin besar nilai koefisien transfer massa, kecepatan transfer massa yang terjadi semakin tinggi.
English Abstract
Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus) are one of the medicinal plants which contain active phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavones, flavanones, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and essential oils. Every 100 g of kenikir leaves contains 420,85 mg of total flavonoids and 1.225,88 mg of total phenol. Kenikir leaves can be used as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-osteoporosis and antiinflammatory. The active compound of kenikir leaves is potentially used as a source of antioxidant powder through the extraction process. The type of solvent and extraction temperature is one of the important factors in the extraction process because if it is not right, it can reduce the extracted antioxidant compounds. The study aimed to determine the interaction between the type of solvent and maceration temperature on water content, total phenol content, phenol yield and antioxidant activity of kenikir leave extract and to find combination of solvent types and maseration temperatures that would produce moisture content, total phenol content, phenol yield and antioxidant activity of the best kenikir leave extract. The study was conducted using factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), involving two factors, type of solvent (90% ethanol; aquadest; methanol 90%) and maceration temperature (30ºC; 40ºC; 50ºC) with three replications. The parameter tested included wtaer content, total phenol contenct, phenol yield andx antioxidant activity of kenikir leaves extract. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05) and further testing with BNT method. The results showed that the interaction between the type of solvent and maceration temperature did not have a significant effect on water content, total phenol, phenol yield, and antioxidant activity. Maceration temperature and type of solvent had a significant effect on water content, phenol yield, and total phenol. Meanwhile, maceration temperature does not have a significant effect on antioxidant activity, but the type of solvent has a significant effect. The best treatment was obtained from a combination of methanol solvent treatment and maceration temperature of 30°C with an average value of water content 9,262%, total phenol 212,359 mgGAE/g, phenol yield 1,395%, and antioxidant activity 46,546 ppm. The highest mass transfer coefficient (KLa) was obtained from distilled water solvent of 1,52208 det-1, while the lowest mass transfer coefficient (KLa) was obtained in methanol solvent of 0,52120 det-1. Increase of mass transfer coefficient value will cause an increase in mass transfer speed.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2019/59/052002167 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Daun Kenikir; Maserasi; Antioksidan, Kenikir Leaves; Maceration; Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 664 Food technology > 664.02 Processes > 664.022 Extraction |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 07:12 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 05:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/180150 |
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