Putri, Zelviana (2019) Mikroemulsifikasi Minyak Sawit Kasar yang Mengandung Senyawa Bioaktif Multi Komponen (Kajian: Jenis Pengemulsi dan Konsentrasi Fraksi Minyak). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Minyak sawit kasar atau yang lebih dikenal dengan CPO (Crude Palm Oil) merupakan produk utama perkebunan sawit di Indonesia yang menyumbang 49,9% dari total produksi minyak sawit kasar dunia. Minyak sawit kasar banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku sekunder pembuatan minyak goreng, margarin, surfaktan, sabun, dan produk oleokimia lain. Minyak sawit kasar mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh manusia seperti karotenoid, vitamin E, fitosterol, skualen dan koenzim Q10. Akan tetapi, senyawa bioaktif dalam minyak sawit kasar memiliki sifat kelarutan dalam air yang rendah sehingga masih belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah melalui teknik mikroemulsifikasi minyak sawit kasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor, dimana faktor 1 berupa jenis pengemulsi yaitu lesitin dan tween 80 serta faktor 2 berupa konsentrasi fraksi minyak yaitu 10%: 20%: 30%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%, dilanjutkan uji lanjut dengan BNT jika tidak ada interaksi atau DMRT jika terjadi interaksi antar kedua faktor. Analisa perlakuan terbaik mikroemulsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Multiple Atribute Zeleny. Pengujian yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengujian bahan baku dan mikroemulsi minyak sawit kasar perlakuan terbaik yang meliputi uji kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan p-anisidin dan perhitungan kadar α dan β karoten menggunakan HPLC, serta pengujian mikroemulsi minyak sawit kasar untuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik, meliputi uji warna, viskositas, emulsion stability index (ESI), stabilitas terhadap fase pemisahan (creaming), rerata droplet dan distribusi ukuran droplet menggunakan PSA serta pengamatan bentuk globula lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mikroemulsi minyak sawit kasar perlakuan terbaik memiliki karateristik fisik berupa oHue (warna) sebesar 89,84 ± 0,08 (merah kekuningan), emulsion stability index (ESI) sebesar 1753,17 ± 26,85 min, stabilitas terhadap fase pemisahan (creaming) sebesar 0,012 ± 0,001 %, rerata diameter droplet sebesar 3,31 ± 0,26µm serta distribusi ukuran droplet sebesar 1,72 ± 0,10µm. Sedangkan karakteristik kimia minyak sawit kasar (bahan baku) dan mikroemulsi minyak sawit kasar perlakuan terbaik secara berurutan meliputi kadar asam lemak sebesar 1,23 ± 0,01 dan 0,22 ± 0,01 %, kadar bilangan peroksida sebesar 22,68 ± 1,96 dan 15,36 ± 0,05 Mek/kg, kadar bilangan P-anisidin sebesar 24,58 ± 1,22 dan 6,30 ± 0,21. Adapun kadar α dan β karoten minyak sawit kasar (bahan baku) secara berturut-turut sebesar 297,68 ± 134,49 and 483,11 ± 16,58 ppm serta kadar α dan β karoten mikroemulsi minyak sawit kasar berturut-turut sebesar 104,04 ± 21,01 and 182,99 ± 84,70 ppm.
English Abstract
Crude palm oil, more known as CPO (Crude Palm Oil), is the main product of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, which accounts for 49.9% of the world's total crude palm oil production. Crude palm oil is widely used as a secondary raw material for cooking oil, margarine, surfactants, soaps, and other oleochemical products. Crude palm oil contains bioactive compounds that are beneficial to the health of the human body such as carotenoids, vitamin E, phytosterol, squalene, and coenzyme Q10. However, bioactive compounds in crude palm oil have low water solubility properties that are still not optimally utilized. One way to overcome this problem is making a microemulsion of crude palm oil. This study used a RAK trial design (Randomized Group Design) Factor with 2 factors, where factor 1 was the type of emulsifier namely lecithin and tween 80 and factor 2 in the form of oil fraction concentration of 10%: 20%: 30%. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level, followed by further testing with BNT if there was no interaction or DMRT if there were interactions between the two factors. Analysis of the best microemulsion treatment was carried out using the Multiple Attribute Zeleny method. The test consisted of testing raw material and crude palm oil microemulsion best treatment which included the test of free fatty acid levels, peroxide contents, p-anisidine contents and calculation of levels of α and β carotene using HPLC, and testing crude palm oil microemulsions to determine the treatment results best, including color test, viscosity, emulsion stability index (ESI), stability of the separation phase (creaming), average droplet and droplet size distribution using PSA and observation of the shape of fat globules. The results showed that palm oil microemulsions were roughly the best treatment having physical characteristics in the form of oHue (color) of 89.84 ± 0.08 (yellowish red), emulsion stability index (ESI) of 1753.17 ± 26.85 min, stability to phase creaming is 0.012 ± 0.001%, the average droplet diameter is 3.31 ± 0.26 µm and the droplet size distribution is 1.72 ± 0.10µ. While the chemical characteristics of crude palm oil (raw material) and crude palm oil microemulsion, the best treatment sequentially include fatty acid content of 1.23 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.01%, peroxide number of 22.68 ± 1, 96 and 15.36 ± 0.05 Mek / kg, the Panisidine number was 24.58 ± 1.22 and 6.30 ± 0.21. The levels of α and β carotene crude palm oil were respectively 297.68 ± 134.49 and 483.11 ± 16.58 ppm and the levels of α and β carotene in microemulsions of crude palm oil were 104.04 ± 21.01 and 182.99 ± 84.70 ppm respectively
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2019/525/052002678 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Mikroemulsifikasi, Minyak Sawit Kasar, Senyawa Bioaktif, Pengemulsi, Fraksi Minyak-Microemulsification, Crude Palm Oil, Bioactive Compounds, Emulsifier, Oil Fraction |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 641 Food and drink > 641.6 Cooking specific materials > 641.638 5 Cooking oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Agus Wicaksono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 07:21 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2020 07:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/180056 |
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