Wijaya, Jessica (2018) Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Pada Ekstraksi Metode Ultrasonik Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Proteksi Dari Sinar Uv Ekstrak Senyawa Bioaktif Kulit Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca) Candi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Paparan sinar UV yang berkepanjangan menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan serius, sehingga tubuh perlu mengonsumsi antioksidan tambahan yang berasal dari buah-buahan, sayuran, dan biji-bijian. Buah pisang mengandung senyawa bioaktif dan memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap produksi buah nasional di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis pisang yang diproduksi di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur adalah pisang candi. Pengolahan buah pisang candi menyisakan limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kulit buah pisang masak yang berwarna kuning kaya akan senyawa flavonoid, fenolik, dan β-karoten yang merupakan sumber antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pelarut terhadap kandungan total fenol, flavonoid, tanin, β-karoten, aktivitas antioksidan, serta kemampuan proteksi terhadap sinar UV ekstrak kulit pisang candi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 1 faktor yaitu jenis pelarut (akuades, etanol, aseton, etil aseat, dan n-heksana). Setiap uji diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Analisa data menggunakan analisa ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi persiapan sampel dengan penyortiran, pengirisan, perendaman dengan natrium bisulfit, pengeringan daam cabinet dryer, dan penepungan kulit pisang candi. Kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi dengan berbagai pelarut menggunakan ultrasonic bath (frekuensi 37 kHz), penyaringan filtrat, penguapan pelarut menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator, penyemprotan gas nitrogen, dan pengujian ekstrak sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pelarut memberi pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (α=0,05) terhadap total fenol, flavonoid, tanin, β-karoten, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50), dan nilai proteksi dari sinar UV. Ekstrak etanol menunjukkan hasil paling tinggi pada senyawa bioaktif fenol 24.624 mg/kg, flavonoid 5.759 mg/kg, dan tanin 19.713 mg/kg, sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana menunjukkan total β-karoten paling tinggi sebesar 778 mg/kg. Senyawa fenol, flavonoid, dan tanin semakin meningkat pada pelarut yang cenderung polar seperti etanol, sedangkan kadar β-karoten semakin tinggi pada pelarut non polar seperti n-heksana. Senyawa polifenol yang cenderung polar akan lebih larut pada pelarut polar, sedangkan β-karoten yang bersifat non polar akan mudah larut pada pelarut non polar. Aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi terdapat pada ekstrak etanol dengan nilai IC50 63,86 ppm (antioksidan kuat). Nilai proteksi paling tinggi terdapat pada ekstrak etanol sebesar 32,35 (proteksi ultra). Persamaan regresi antara fenol, flavonoid, tanin dan β-karoten terhadap IC50 adalah Y = 2797,16 + 0,02 X1 - 0,41 X2 - 0,03 X3 - 2,30 X4, sedangkan persamaan regresi antara fenol, flavonoid, tanin dan β-karoten terhadap nilai proteksi sinar UV adalah Y = -37,428 + 0,003 X1 + 0,008 X2 - 0,002 X3 + 0,059 X4. Berdasarkan hasil persamaan regresi, variabel bebas yang berpengaruh signifikan (P≤0,05) terhadap nilai IC50 dan nilai proteksi dari sinar UV adalah flavonoid dan β-karoten.
English Abstract
Prolong exposure to UV light causes serious health problems, so that human body needs to consume extra antioxidants from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Banana fruit contains antioxidant and gives the largest contribution to national fruit production in Indonesia. Candi banana is a type of the leading crops from Malang Regency, East Java. The fruits are consumed, while the peel waste has not been optimally utilized. Ripe yellow banana peel is rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and β-carotene which are sources of natural antioxidants. The aimed of this research was to know the effect of solvent type on the total content of phenol, flavonoid, tannin, β-carotene, antioxidant activity and UV light protection of candi banana peel extract. The research design was using Completely Randomized Design which consisted of 1 factor solvent type (aquades, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane). Each test was repeated 4 times. The data obtained were performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with further test of LSD (Least Significant Difference) at 95% confidence level. The stages of this study included preparation of samples by sorting, slicing, immersing with sodium bisulfite, drying in a cabinet dryer, and crushing the banana peel. Then extraction with various solvents using ultrasonic bath (frequency 37 kHz), filtrate filtration, solvent evaporation using rotary vacuum evaporator, nitrogen gas spraying, and sample extract testing. The results showed that the type of solvent gave significant different effect (α = 0,05) to total phenol, flavonoid, tannin, β-carotene, antioxidant activity (IC50), and protection value. The ethanol extract showed the highest yield on bioactive compound of phenols 24.624 mg/kg, flavonoids 5.759 mg/kg, and tannins 19.713 mg/kg, while the highest β-carotene content was on n-hexane extract of 778 mg/kg. Phenol, flavonoid, and tannin compounds were increased in semi polar solvents such as ethanol, while β-carotene was increased in non-polar solvents such as n-hexane. Polyphenol compounds that tend to polar, would be more soluble in polar solvent, whereas non-polar β-carotene would be easily soluble in non-polar solvents. The highest antioxidant activity was found in ethanol extract with IC50 value 63,86 ppm (strong antioxidant). The highest UV light protection value was found in ethanol extract of 32,35 (ultra protection). The regression equation between phenol, flavonoid, tannin and β-carotene to IC50 is Y = 2797,16 + 0,02 X1-0,41 X2 - 0,03 X3 - 2,30 X4, while the regression equation between phenol, flavonoid, tannin and β-carotene to the UV light protection value was Y = -37,428 + 0,003 X1 + 0,008 X2 - 0,002 X3 + 0,059 X4. Based on the result of regression equation, independent variable which had significant influence (P≤0,05) to IC50 and UV light protection value were flavonoids and β-carotene.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/114/051802953 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Antioksidan, Kulit Pisang Candi, Proteksi Sinar UV, Ultrasonik / Antioxidant, Candi Banana Peel, UV Light Protection, Ultrasonic |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 613 Personal health and safety > 613.2 Dietetics > 613.28 Specific nutritive elements > 613.286 Vitamins |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Sep 2019 03:00 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2022 07:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/165521 |
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