Abrianto, Ignatius Maria Unggul (2017) Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Dan Kemajuan Genetik Pada Sifat Produksi Telur Itik Mojosari Di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Itik Mojosari mempunyai potensi produksi telur berkisar 200-220 butir/tahun. Perbaikan mutu genetik dilakukan melalui program pemuliaan ternak yaitu seleksi. Seleksi yang berdasarkan pada data parameter genetik ternak lokal yang telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan akan efektif meningkatkan produktivitas sifat tersebut. Parameter genetik penting adalah nilai heritabilitas sebagai penentu kemajuan genetik akibat seleksi. Heritabilitas dapat diestimasi melalui percobaan seleksi beberapa generasi, yaitu dengan cara membandingkan respon kemajuan yang diperoleh dengan keunggulan tetua terpilih dalam semua generasi seleksi atau disebut dengan heritabilitas riil (realized heritability). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan perubahan keragaman produksi telur (bulanan, kumulatif 3 bulan dan kumulatif 12 bulan), mendapatkan nilai heritabilitas riil (realized heritability) produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan, dan memperoleh nilai kemajuan genetik atau respon seleksi pada beberapa galur itik Mojosari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan. Data penelitian meliputi catatan produksi telur harian individual pada 10 galur itik Mojosari (980 ekor) yang dipelihara dan diseleksi selama 4 (empat) generasi pada tahun 2010-2015. Setiap generasi, itik terbagi dalam itik terseleksi dan itik kontrol, dan gabungan keduanya disebut dengan itik total. Variabel yang diamati adalah: 1) keragaman yang meliputi rerata dan koefisien keragaman untuk produksi telur bulanan, kumulatif 3 bulan, dan kumulatif 12 bulan; 2) diferensial seleksi dan respon seleksi produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan; dan 3) realized heritability produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1) Rerata dan koefisien keragaman produksi telur bulanan pada 10 galur kelompok itik terseleksi selama 4 generasi berkisar 20,76 (galur N) – 24,78 (galur B) butir dan 4,23–13,23% berturut-turut; 2) 10 galur kelompok itik total selama 4 generasi memiliki kisaran rerata produksi telur bulanan sebesar 19,84 (galur N) – 23,01 (galur J) butir dan koefisien keragaman 7,30–13,38 %; 3) Keragaman yang meliputi rerata dan koefisien keragaman produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan masing-masing galur pada kelompok itik terseleksi selama 4 generasi berkisar 51,97 (galur T) – 79,80 (galur J) butir dan 1,65–21,14%; 4) Kelompok itik total selama 4 generasi menampilkan keragaman produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan berupa rerata dengan kisaran 48,67 (galur R) – 71,42 (galur J) butir dan koefisien keragaman 15,18– 21,74%; 5) Keragaman produksi telur kumulatif 12 bulan pada masing-masing galur kelompok itik terseleksi selama 4 generasi berkisar 193,96 (galur N) – 263,84 (galur J) butir dan 6,06–21,62% untuk rerata dan koefisien keragaman berturut-turut; 6) Kelompok itik total selama 3 generasi menampilkan kisaran produksi telur kumulatif 12 bulan untuk rerata sebesar 184,00 (galur N) – 237,07 (galur P) butir dan koefisien keragaman 12.06–26,38%; 7) Hasil pendugaan nilai heritabilitas riil (realized heritablity) pada masing-masing galur itik berkisar antara 0,37 - 0,48; 8) ix Masing-masing galur itik memberikan respon seleksi positif berkisar antara 4,9-6,5 butir. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa seleksi terhadap sifat produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan selama 4 generasi menyebabkan: 1) Terjadi peningkatan rerata produksi telur bulanan dan produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan pada sebagian besar galur (galur J memiliki peningkatan produksi telur tertinggi) sedangkan produksi telur kumulatif 12 bulan berfluktuasi dan terjadi penurunan keragaman pada sebagian besar galur; 2) Nilai heritabilitas riil (realized heritability) produksi telur kumulatif 3 bulan pada masing-masing galur memiliki kriteria sedang (0,37-0,48) dengan nilai tertinggi pada galur R (0,48); 3) Respon seleksi pada semua galur bernilai positif (4,90-6,54 butir) dengan nilai tertinggi galur R (6,54 butir).
English Abstract
Mojosari ducks have potential egg production ranges from 200 to 220 eggs / year. Selection based on genetic parameters of trait on adapted native livestock will effectively increase productivity of the trait. Heritability values is an important genetic parameter, that is useful to determine the genetic gain due to selection. Heritability can be estimated through selection experiment of several generations, comparation between the response to selection and the selection differential of all generations of selection expressed as realized heritability. This study aims to determine the variance and changes in the variance of egg production (monthly, 3 months cumulative and 12 months cumulative); the realized heritability value of 3 months cumulative egg production; and the genetic gain or response to selection in 10 lines of Mojosari ducks. The study was conducted in Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Pelaihari South Kalimantan. The research data included daily of individual egg production records on 10 lines of Mojosari ducks (980 ducks), that were maintained and selected for 4 generations in 2010-2015. Each generation, the ducks were divided into selected ducks and control ducks, and the combined two are called total ducks. The research variables were: 1) variance which includes the mean, variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variance for monthly egg production, three months cumulative egg production, and 12 months cumulative egg production; 2) differential selection of 3 months cumulative egg production; 3) response to selection of 3 months cumulative egg production; and 4) realized heritability of 3 month cumulative egg production The results of the research are: 1) The mean and coefficient variance of monthly egg production in selected ducks of 10 lines for 4 generations range from 20.76 (line N) - 24.78 (line B) eggs and 4.23-13.23% respectively; 2) Total ducks of 10 lines for 4 generations have a range of mean monthly egg production of 19.84 (line N) - 23.01 (line J) eggs and the variance coefficient of 7.30 to 13.38%; 3) Variance covering mean and coefficient variance of 3 months cumulative egg production of each line in selected ducks for 4 generations range 51.97 (line T) - 79.80 (line J) eggs and 1.65-21.14 %; 4) Total ducks for 4 generations show the variance of 3 months cumulative egg production in mean with range 48,67 (line R) - 71,42 (line J) eggs and coefficient of variance 15,18 - 21,74%; 5) The 12 months cumulative egg production variance in each line of the 4 generations selected duck range from 193.96 (line N) - 263.84 (line J) eggs and 6.06-21.62% for the mean and coefficient of variance respectively; 6) Total ducks for 3 generations show 12 months cumulative egg production range for mean of 184.00 (line N) - 237,07 (line P) eggs and variance coefficient of 12.06-26.38%; 7) The result of realized heritability value estimation in each duck line ranges from 0.37 to 0.48; 8) Each duck line has a positive response to selection ranging from 4.90 - 6.54 eggs. xi Conclusions: selection of 3 months cumulative egg production trait for 4 generations results: 1) There is an increase in monthly egg production and 3 months cumulative egg production in most lines (line J has the highest egg production increase) whereas the 12 months cumulative egg production fluctuates and there is a decrease in the variance in most duck lines; 2) The realized heritability value of 3 months cumulative egg production in each line is classified as moderate criteria (0,37-0,48) with the highest value in line R (0,48); 3) Response to selection on all duck lines have positive value (4,90-6,54 eggs) with the highest value in line R (6,54 eggs).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/636.597/ABR/p/2017/041710809 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | DUCKS - BREEDING, DUCKS FEEDING AND FEEDS, DUCKS - EGGS, ANIMAL GENETICS, INDONESIA - KALIMANTAN SELATAN |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 636 Animal husbandry > 636.5 Chickens and other kinds of domestic birds > 636.59 Other poultry > 636.597 Ducks |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 07 May 2018 07:43 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Nov 2021 06:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10335 |
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