Yuliastanti, Nely and Dr. Akhmad Rizali,, SP., M.Si. (2020) Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Semut Pada Perkebunan Kakao Di Jawa Timur: Pengaruh Kondisi Habitat Dan Keberadaan Tropobion. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang berpotensi untuk mengembangkan tanaman kakao. Luas areal tanaman kakao di Jawa Timur mengalami perkembangan pesat, namun perkembangan ini tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi kakao. Fluktuasi produktivitas kakao disebabkan oleh umur tanaman yang sudah tua, menipisnya unsur hara dan rusaknya kondisi lahan serta serangan hama dan penyakit. Perbaikan kondisi lahan tanaman kakao dapat dilakukan dengan pengelolaan habitat, perbanyakan musuh alami, pengelolaan sistem pola tanam dan perbaikan cara budidaya. Salah satu musuh alami pada tanaman kakao adalah semut. Beberapa jenis semut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen hayati untuk mengendalikan hama. Keanekaragaman semut pada suatu lahan dipengaruhi oleh keadaan lingkungan dan sumber makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada perkebunan kakao di Jawa Timur dan mempelajari pengaruh kondisi habitat dan keberadaan tropobion terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2020 pada 12 perkebunan kakao di Kabupaten Trenggalek, Kabupaten Blitar, Kabupaten Malang, Kabupaten Kediri dan Kabupaten Jombang. Identifikasi spesimen dilakukan di Ponorogo. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Kriteria lahan kakao yang digunakan mempunyai 100 pohon kakao. Kondisi habitat yang digunakan berupa umur tanaman kakao, tutupan kanopi, vegetasi dan keberadaan tropobion. Pengambilan sampel semut dilakukan dengan metode umpan dan pengambilan secara langsung. Identifikasi semut menggunakan buku identifikasi semut dari Hashimoto (2003) yang berjudul Inventory and Collection Total Protocol for Understanding of Biodiversity. Pengambilan data kerapatan tutupan kanopi dengan kamera digital dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak image J. Pengamatan keanekaragaman vegetasi dilakukan pada 10 sub-plot dan diidentifikasi menggunakan buku Identification and Control of Common Weeds. Pengambilan data suhu dan kelembaban menggunakan Hygrometer Thermometer HTC-1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keanekaragaman semut yang ditemukan pada keseluruhan lokasi terdiri atas 3 subfamili, 8 spesies dan 5475 individu. Spesies semut dominan yang ditemukan Dolichoderus thoracicus (3496 individu), Technomyrmex albipes (1108 individu), dan Anoplolepis gracilipes (358 individu). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kondisi habitat perkebunan kakao mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Tutupan kanopi dan keanekaragaman vegetasi berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Sedangkan keberadaan tropobion yaitu kutu putih (Planococcus sp.) juga mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut khususnya semut dominan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi habitat dan keberadaan tropobion mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada perkebunan kakao.
English Abstract
East Java Province is the one of provinces in Indonesia has the potential to develop cacao plants. The total area of cacao cultivation in East Java has shown rapid expansion, but this expansion is not significant to increase the cacao production. The fluctuations in cacao productivities are caused by the age of cacao plant, the lack of soil nutrients, the loss of croplands soil fertility, and host of viral pest and fungal disease. To solve this problem, we need to develop the condition of the cacao croplands through environmental management, propagation of natural enemies, biological control, propagation of cropping system and improvement in cultivation method. One of the natural enemies in cacao plants is ants. Some types of ants can be used as biological agents to take control of a viral pest. The ant diversity on cacao croplands can be influenced by environmental conditions and food sources. This research were aimed to study the diversity and abundance of ants in cacao plantations in East Java and to study the effect of habitat conditions and trophobiont abundance on the diversity and abundance of ants. This research was conducted from January to March 2020, at 12 locations of cacao plantations in five regencies i.e Trenggalek, Blitar, Malang, Kediri, and Jombang. The specimens were identified in Ponorogo. Determinations of the locations of research were done by using a purposive sampling method. The criteria for cocoa land used is 100 tress cocoa. Habitat conditions that are used include the age of the cocoa plants, canopy cover, vegetation and the presence of trophobiont. The collections of the ants sampling were done by feeding method and directly pick up at the cacao croplands. Identifications books from Hashimoto (2003) entitled Inventory and Collection Total Protocol for Understanding of Biodiversity as a reference. The data of canopy density were taken from digital camera and were analized using Image J software. The observation of vegetation diversity was carried out on 10 sub-plots and specimens were identified using Identification and Control of Common Weed. The measurement of air temperature and humidity data was conducted using the HTC-1 Thermometer Hygrometer. According to the research results, the ant diversity was found in all locations consisted of 3 subfamilies, 8 species, and 5.475 individuals. The dominant ant species that was found are Dolichoderus thoracicus (3.496 individuals), Technomyrmex albipes (1.108 individuals), and Anoplolepis gracilipes (358 individuals). The results of the analysis showed that the habitat conditions of cacao plantations affect the ant diversity and abundance. The canopy cover and vegetation diversity affected, diversity and abundance of ants. While the existence of trophobiont (Planococcus sp.) also affected the diversity and abundance of ants, especially dominant ants. The research concluded that habitat conditions and the presence of trophobiont affected diversity and abundance of ants in cacao plantations.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0520040019 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.7 Alkaloidal crops > 633.74 Cacao > 633.749 Cacao (Injuries, diseases, pests) > 633.749 7 Cacao (Insect pests) > 633.749 796 Cacao (Formicidae (Ants)) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2021 09:06 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2024 02:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/182342 |
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