Nurullah, Muhammad Fariz (2018) Pengukuran Kinerja Operasional Perusahaan Otobus Pada Trayek ABC Dengan Model Strategic Measurement and Reporting Technique (SMART) System. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Malang mempunyai beberapa perusahaan jasa yang bergerak di berbagai bidang, salah satu diantaranya adalah Perusahaan Otobus (PO). Perusahaan Otobus ini mempunyai beberapa usaha di bidang transportasi, diantaranya bus pariwisata, bus antarkota, mini bus, manhauler dan bus yang melayani pekerja pertambangan. Perusahaan Otobus ini melayani beberapa trayek untuk bus antarkota dan pusat operasinalnya berada di Kabupaten Malang. Pada tahun 2017, perusahaan ini mengembangkan usahanya dengan mengakuisisi Perusahaan Otobus lainnya yang sebelumnya, melayani beberapa trayek berlokasi di Jawa Timur. Pembelian yang dilakukan perusahaan ini berdampak pada kinerja perusahaan. Selama ini Perusahaan Otobus ini hanya mengukur kinerja dari aspek finansial saja. Pengukuran kinerja dari aspek finansial memang penting, tetapi hanya berorientasi pada pencapaian jangka pendek. Perusahaan perlu melakukan pengukuran dan evaluasi kinerja operasional untuk tiap trayeknya, agar dapat bertahan ditengah ketatnya persaingan industri jasa. Contoh aspek non finansial yang tidak diperhatikan Perusahaan Otobus tetapi penting untuk keberlangsungan perusahaan adalah persentase bus yang beroperasi dibanding bus yang dimiliki. Pembelian dari perusahaan pesaing membuat persentase menjadi menurun, pengukuran menunjukkan persentasenya hanya sebesar 63.4%. Hal ini dikarenakan bus dari akuisisi banyak yang tua dan rusak. Trayek ABC mempunyai persentase bus yang beroperasi lebih rendah dibanding trayek lain, sehingga penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada trayek ABC. Metode untuk pengukuran kinerja adalah model piramida SMART system. SMART system memiliki 9 perspektif yang lebih terfokus pada kinerja operasional perusahaan. Metode ini berfokus pada strategi objektif sebagai titik awal perancangannya. Penentuan indikator pengukuran kinerja (Key Perfomance Indicator) didasarkan pada strategi objektif perusahaan. Pembobotan tingkat kepentingan perspektif, strategy objectives, dan KPI dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Scoring system dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Objectives Matrix dan Traffic Light System. Selanjutnya dianalisa KPI yang tidak mencapai target dengan menggunakan metode Root Cause Analysis Diagram. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 29 KPI: 2 KPI perspektif biaya, 1 KPI perspektif finansial, 2 KPI perspektif kepuasan pelanggan, 6 KPI perspektif produktivitas, 3 KPI perspektif fleksibilitas, 5 KPI perspektif pengiriman, 6 KPI perspektif kualitas, 2 KPI perspektif waku proses, dan 2 KPI perspektif pangsa pasar. Scoring system yang dilakukan mendapatkan skor current performance indicator Perusahaan Otobus trayek ABC pada tahun 2017 adalah sebesar 6.32, dengan rincian pencapaian Traffic Light System yaitu 9 KPI berada pada indikator warna hijau, 13 KPI berada pada indikator warna kuning, dan 7 KPI berada pada indikator warna merah. Rekomendasi perbaikan dilakukan pada KPI yang berada pada indikator warna kuning dan warna merah. Perbaikan yang dilakukan lebih diprioritaskan untuk KPI yang hampir mencapai target dan KPI yang pencapaiannya sangat jauh dari target. Tujuannya adalah agar pada periode selanjutnya, KPI-KPI yang hampir mencapai target selanjutnya dapat masuk ke kategori warna hijau.
English Abstract
Malang have some service enterprise engaged in any field, one of them is otobus company (PO). This otobus company is having some business in transportation sector, which are tourism bus, intercity bus, minibus, manhauler, and also serves transportation for mining employees. This company serves several routes for an intercity and the center of all operational business located in the regency of Malang. In 2017, this company expanded its business by acquisiting the other otobus company which before, it was served several routes located in East Java. The purchased that this otobus company did is having an impact on company performances. This company have been measure its performaces only on financial aspect. Performance measurement based on financial aspect is important, but that only focus on the short-term accomplishment. The company should measure and evaluate its operational performance to every route that they have, so the company could survive in the tightness of service industry. The example of nonfinancial aspect that ignored by this otobus company but important to the company persistence is the percentage of bus that can be operated compare with all the bus that the route have. The purchased from the other otobus company make this percentage being descend, the measurement showed that the percentage is only 63.4%. It can be happened because the buses from acquisiting are mostly old and unfeasible condition based on vehicle test. Route for the purpose of ABC has the lower percentage of bus that can be operated than the other routes that this company has. So this research only focus on route for the purpose of ABC. The method used in this research is SMART system pyramid model. SMART system is having 9 perspectives that only focus on company’s operational performance. This method is focus on strategy objectives as the first planning point. Determining the indicator of performance measurement (Key Perfomance Indicator) are based on strategy objectives of the company. The weighted value of perspectives, strategy objectives, and KPIs are using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Scoring system is using Objectives Matrix and Traffic Light System method. Furthermore the KPIs that not reaching its target are analyzed by using Root Cause Analysis Diagram method. The result of this research obtained there are 29 KPIs: 2 KPIs on cost perspective, 1 KPI on financial perspective, 2 KPIs on customer satisfaction perspective, 6 KPIs on productivity perspective, 3 KPIs on flexibility perspective, 5 KPIs on delivery perspective, 6 KPIs on quality perspective, 2 KPIs on process time perspective, and 2 KPIs on market share perspective. Scoring system that have been done got the current performance indicator score of Otobus company in route for purpose of ABC is 6.32, with the details of Traffic Light System’s achievement: 9 KPIs are in the green color indicator, 13 KPIs are in the yellow color indicator, and 7 KPIs are in the red color indicator. The improvement recommendation did for the KPIs which in the yellow color indicator and red color indicator. The improvement is more prioritizing for the KPIs that almost reach the target and the KPI that its performance is very far from the target. The purpose is on the next period, KPIs which almost reach the target could entrance in the green color category.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FT/2018/498/051806309 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | AHP, model SMART System, OMAX, pengukuran kinerja operasional, TLS AHP, OMAX, operational performance measurement, SMART system model, TLS |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 658 General management > 658.3 Personnel management (human resource management) > 658.31 Elements of personnel management > 658.312 Conditions of employment, performance rating, utilization of personnel > 658.312 5 Performance rating (evaluation) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Industri |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Oct 2018 02:38 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jul 2020 03:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/12520 |
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