Ernes, Pingky Putri (2017) Optimasi Pemucatan (Bleaching) Minyak Hasil Samping Pengalengan Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella sp.) menggunakan Adsorben Bentonit, Zeolit, dan Karbon Aktif. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Minyak ikan berpotensi sebagai sumber omega-3 PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) yang memiliki pengaruh positif untuk kesehatan. Proses pengalengan lemuru yang terdapat di daerah Muncar Banyuwangi mempunyai hasil samping berupa minyak ikan namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan karena kualitasnya masih rendah, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemurnian meliputi degumming, netralisasi, dan pemucatan (bleaching) menggunakan adsorben. Konsumen menyukai minyak yang pucat dan jernih sehingga perlu dikaji lebih mendalam mengenai proses bleaching. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum serta karakteristik fisikokimia dan komposisi asam lemak minyak hasil samping pengalengan lemuru yang diberi perlakuan pemucatan menggunakan adsorben bentonit, zeolit, dan karbon aktif. Metode penelitian dirancang menggunakan RSM (Response Surface Methodology) desain percobaan CCD (central Composite Design). Dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga faktor yaitu suhu (50, 70 dan 900C), waktu (5, 10, dan 15 menit), dan konsentrasi adsorben (5, 10, dan 15% b/b) dengan respon kecerahan (L) dan kejernihan (Absorbansi). Minyak ikan hasil optimasi dari masing-masing adsorben dikarakterisasi lebih lanjut untuk penentuan perlakuan terbaik menggunakan Metode Multiple Atribute. Solusi optimasi yang diprediksikan oleh program yaitu suhu, waktu proses, dan konsentrasi adsorben masing-masing sebesar 66,750C; 19,63 menit; dan 5,7% dengan nilai respon kecerahan 26,36 dan kejernihan 0,52 untuk bentonit, 76,070C; 19,26 menit; dan 9,05% dengan nilai respon kecerahan 26,51 dan kejernihan 0,51 untuk zeolit; 69,400C; 22,89 menit; dan 9,48% dengan nilai respon kecerahan 25,63 dan kejernihan 0,83 untuk karbon aktif. Hasil verifikasi data pada ketiga adsorben masuk dalam rentang nilai PI (Prediction Interval) dan CI (Confident Interval) sehingga sesuai untuk diterapkan. Karakteristik minyak ikan setelah pemucatan pada ketiga adsorben memenuhi standar IFOMA dan memiliki hasil lebih baik dibandingkan minyak ikan kasar kecuali bilangan peroksida, namun belum layak konsumsi karena tingginya produk oksidasi sehingga belum memenuhi standar IFOS. Pemucatan menggunakan adsorben zeolit memiliki kualitas yang paling baik dengan karakteristik yang diperoleh meliputi nilai kecerahan (L) 26,55±0,21, kejernihan (Absorbansi) 0,50±0,001, bilangan asam 0,52±0,004, asam lemak bebas 3,65±0,026%, bilangan peroksida 16,83±0,15 mek/kg, bilangan p-anisidin 5,45±0,52, total oksidasi 6,85, kadar air tidak terdeteksi, rendemen 82,45±0,21%, EPA 8,38% area.
English Abstract
Fish oil has the potential to become the source of omega-3 PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) that has a positive effect on health. The lemuru canning process in Muncar Banyuwangi yields fish oil of by-product but has not been widely used because of its low quality, therefore it must go through purifying process which consists of degumming, neutralization, and bleaching using adsorbent. Consumers prefer fish oils with bright and clear visual therefore it is necessary to conduct a further study on fish oil bleaching process. The aim of this research is to know the optimum condition, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of fish oil by-product that are treated with bleaching using bentonite, zeolite and activated carbon adsorbent. The research method was designed using RSM (Response Surface Methodology) with CCD (Central Composite Design). In this study there were three factors: temperature (50, 70 and 90 0C), time (5, 10, and 15 minutes), and concentration of adsorbent (5, 10, and 15% w/w) with brightness (L) and clarity (Absorbansi) responses. The optimized fish oil from each adsorbent was further characterized to determine the best bleaching treatment using Multiple Atribute Method. Optimizing solutions predicted by the program were temperature, processing time, and adsorbent concentration with respective value for each adsorbent of 66,750C; 19.63 minutes; And 5.7% with brightness response value 26,36 and clarity 0,52 for bentonite, 76,070C; 19.26 minutes; And 9,05% with brightness response value 26,51 and clarity 0,51 for zeolite; 69,400C; 22.89 minutes; And 9.48% with brightness response value 25.63 and clarity 0.83 for activated carbon. The results of data verification on the three adsorbents were within the range of PI (Prediction Interval) and CI (Confident Interval) values therefore the conditions were applicable. Characteristics of fish oil after bleaching on three adsorbents complied IFOMA standarts and had better results than crude fish oil except peroxide numbers, but not yet feasible for consumption due to high oxidation products that were not within the IFOS standards. The bleaching using zeolite adsorbent had the best quality with characteristics obtained include brightness (L) 26.55 ± 0.21, clarity (Absorbansi) 0,50 ± 0,001, acid number 0,52 ± 0,004, free fatty acid 3,65 ± 0,026%, peroxide number 16,83 ± 0.15 meq/kg, p-anisidine number 5.45 ± 0.52, total oxidation 6.85, moisture content is not detected, yield 82.45 ± 0.21%, EPA 8.38% interval.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2017/559/051710016 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Adsorben, Bleaching, Minyak Ikan Lemuru, Respon Surface Methodology |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 665 Technology of industrial oils, fats, waxes, gases > 665.2 Animal fats and oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Oct 2017 02:01 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Oct 2020 03:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/3881 |
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