Wahyu, Yus Isnainita (2017) Optimasi Proses Eksraksi Kolagen Larut Asam Dari Limbah Sisik Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal) Menggunakan Metode RSM-CCD (Respon Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ikan bandeng (milk fish) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang dikenal memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Produksi budidaya Ikan Bandeng pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 626.878 ton meningkat sekitar 25% jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2012 sebanyak 421.757 ton. Peningkatan jumlah produksi ini secara langsung berimbas pada jumlah limbah dan hasil samping yang dihasilkan oleh industri pengolahan ikan. Industri pengolahan paling sedikit menghasilkan limbah kurang lebih 20% dari jumlah bahan baku (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2014). Kebutuhan kolagen beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan, khususnya dalam bentuk kosmetik. Pasar anti aging di Asia Pasifik dengan memasukkan kolagen ke dalam kosmetik mencapai $ 16.444 milyar pada tahun 2015 dengan pertumbuhan hingga 21,21%. Penjualan kosmetik anti aging di Indonesia mencapai Rp. 4.438.800.000.000,- (Budiyanto, 2016). Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama untuk menentukan waktu pretreatment yang tepat terhadap kadar protein terlarut dan kadar hidroksiprolin. Tahap kedua dilakukan untuk menentukan waktu dan konsentrasi CH3COOH optimal terhadap rendemen dan kadar hidroksiprolin dengan menggunakan metode Respon Surface Methodology Central Composite Design. Kolagen optimal yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dan dibandingkan dengan kolagen ikan komersial. Hasil penelitian tahap 1 menunjukkan bahwa proses waktu yang tepat untuk proses pretreatment yaitu selama 8 jam, hasil verifikasi menunjukkan kadar protein sebesar 160,67 mg/l dan kadar hidroksiprolin sebesar 3,8 mg/l. Proses ekstraksi kolagen pada tahap dua menunjukkan bahwa waktu optimum 61,30 jam dengan konsentrasi CH3COOH sebesar 0,66M. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa rendemen optimal yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,737% dan kadar hidroksiprolin sebesar 7,223%. Karakteristik fisikokimia menunjukkan bahwa kolagen optimum memiliki kadar air 12,27%, kadar abu 0,77%, kadar protein 84,22%, derajat putih 89,24%,. Pengamatan terhadap gugus fungsi kolagen optimal menunjukkan kolagen memiliki gugus Amida A, amida I, amida II dan amida III. Analisa asam amino menunjukkan bahwa kolagen memiliki asam amino glisin, alanin, glutamate, prolin dan hidroksiprolin yang dominan. Analisa Diffrential Scanning Calorimetry menunjukkan bahwa suhu awal pelelehan sebesar 89,57°C dan suhu puncak pelelehan pada suhu 154,56°C. Analisa berat molekul dengan SDS PAGE menunjukkan pita protein dengan berat molekul 93,97kDa, 109,95 kDa, 117,07 kDa dan 193,23 kDa sedangkan kolagen komersial menunjukkan pita protein 65.83 kDa, 75.59 kDa, 86.42 kDa, 139.29 kDa.
English Abstract
Milkfish is one of the fishery commodities that are known to have high economic value. Production of Bandeng fish cultivation in 2013 amounted to 626,878 tons, increased by 25% much higher than in 2012 of 421,757 tons. The processing industry produces at least about 20% of the raw material (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, 2014). Collagen needs in recent years have increased, especially in the form of cosmetics. The anti-aging market in Asia Pacific by entering collagen into cosmetics reached $ 16,444 billion by 2015 with growth up to 21.21%. Sales of anti aging cosmetics in Indonesia reached Rp. 4.438.8 billion, - (Budiyanto, 2016). This study is divided in two stages. The first stage is to determine the proper pretreatment time for dissolved protein content and hydroxyproline levels. The second stage was done to determine the optimal time and concentration of CH3COOH on the yield and hydroxyproline content using Response Surface Methodology method of Central Composite Design. The resulting optimal collagen is further characterized and compared to commercial fish collagen. The results of the first phase showed that the precise time process for the pretreatment process is 8 hours, the verification result shows the protein content of 160,67 mg / l and the hydroxyproline level 3,8 mg / l. Collagen extraction process at stage two shows that optimum time is 61.30 hours with CH3COOH concentration of 0.66M. The result of verification showed that the optimum yield yield was 0.737% and hydroxyproline level was 7.223%. Physicochemical characteristic showed that optimum collagen had 12,27% water content, ash content 0,77%, protein content 84,22%, white degree 89,24% ,. The observation of optimum collagen functional groups showed that collagen had amide group A, amide I, amide II and amide III. Amino acid analysis shows that collagen has the most potent glycine, alanine, glutamate, proline and hydroxyproline. Diffrential Scanning Calorimetry analysis showed that the initial melting temperature at the first peak was 89.57 ° C and the peak melting temperature at peak two at 154.56 ° C. Analysis of molecular weight with SDS PAGE showed a protein band with a molecular weight of 93,97kDa, 109,95 kDa, 117,07 kDa dan 193,23 kDa and commercial fish collagen showed a protein band with a molecular weight of 65.83 kDa, 75.59 kDa, 86.42 kDa, 139.29 kDa.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/572.67/WAH/o/2017/041708253 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | COLLAGEN, MILK FISH, SOLUBILITY |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 572 Biochemistry > 572.6 Proteins > 572.67 Structural proteins |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Sep 2017 07:17 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Dec 2020 02:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/2800 |
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