Uji Daya Hasil Pendahuluan Enam Galur Harapan Padi Generasi F7 (Oryza sativa L.) di Dataran Rendah.

Erika, Nabila Putri and Dr. Afifuddin Latif Adiredjo, SP., M.Sc. (2023) Uji Daya Hasil Pendahuluan Enam Galur Harapan Padi Generasi F7 (Oryza sativa L.) di Dataran Rendah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan utama. Menurut BPS (2021) terdapat penurunan produksi sebesar 2,21% pada Tahun 2021 dibandingkan Tahun 2020. Permasalahan penurunan produksi dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya ialah alih fungsi lahan pertanian yang menyebabkan berkurangnya luas lahan produktif, Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan padi salah satunya dengan perakitan varietas padi yang dapat tumbuh secara optimal di lahan kering dengan hasil produksi yang tinggi, melalui program pemuliaan tanaman dengan melakukan persilangan antara varietas padi sawah varietas Cibogo dan padi gogo varietas Situ Bagendit, yang telah menghasilkan generasi F7 yang digunakan sebagai bahan tanam dalam penelitian ini, menurut Acquaah (2012) generasi F7 dapat dilakukan uji daya hasil pendahuluan untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dari masing-masing nomor genotipe harapan. Uji daya hasil pendahuluan dilakukan di dataran rendah sebab memiliki potensi yang baik untuk budidaya padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguji daya hasil dari enam galur harapan padi generasi F7 yang dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Juni 2023 di Desa Jenggolo, Kecamatan Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan bahan tanam, yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan bahan tanam yang digunakan yaitu enam galur harapan padi generasi F7 dengan nomor genotipe (G1) F7-4-21-11-23-3-2, (G2) F7-4-21-11-23-3-11, (G3) F7-4-21-11-23-3-12, (G4) F7-4-21-11-23-6-2, (G5) F7-4-21-11-23-6-11, (G6) F7-4-21-11-23-6-17, serta tiga varietas pembanding yaitu varietas Situ Bagendit (SB), varietas Cibogo (CB) dan varietas IR64 (IR). Karakter yang diamati yaitu karakter kuantitatif dan karakter kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati yaitu: Tinggi Tanaman (cm), Umur Panen (HST), Umur Berbunga (HST), Jumlah Anakan Produktif, Panjang Malai, Jumlah Gabah Bernas Per Malai (bulir), Jumlah Gabah Total Per Malai (bulir), Presentase Gabah Bernas (%), Bobot 1000 Butir (g), Bobot Gabah Bernas Per Rumpun (g), Hasil Panen Per Hektar (t.ha-1), dan selisih hasil (%). Sedangkan, karakter kualitatif yang diamati yaitu: Warna Daun, Warna Telinga Daun, Warna Lidah Daun, Daun Bendera, Bentuk Tanaman, Warna Gabah, Permukaan Daun, dan Kerebahan. Data yang dihasilkan dari karakter kualitatif dianalisa secara deskriptif yang ditujukan untuk informasi tambahan dalam bentuk deskripsi pada galur harapan sebagai pendukung data kuantitatif. Sedangkan, data kuantitatif dianalisa menggunakan Analysis of Varian (Anova). Hasil analisis ragam yang berbeda nyata dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada karakter kuantitatif diperoleh 8 karakter yang berbeda nyata yaitu, karakter tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, jumlah gabah bernas per malai, jumlah gabah total per malai, bobot gabah bernas per rumpun dan hasil panen per hektar. Sedangkan, karakter kualitatif yang dihasilkan oleh keenam galur harapan dan varietas pembanding didapati hasil seragam kecuali karakter kerebahan. Terdapat galur harapan yang memiliki prospek daya hasil tinggi dan jumlah gabah bernas tinggi dibandingkan ketiga varietas pembanding, yaitu nomor genotipe F7-4-21-11-23-3-2 dan F7-4-21-11-23-6-11. Kemudian, Diperoleh individu terbaik dari genotipe terbaik, berdasarkan hasil karakter jumlah gabah bernas per malai yaitu individu 4-21-11-23-3-2-9 dan 4-21-11-23-6-11-2.

English Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main staple food commodities. According to BPS (2021) there is a decrease in production of 2.21% in 2021 compared to 2020. The problem of decreased production can be caused by several factors, one of which is the conversion of agricultural land which causes a reduction in productive land area. Efforts can make to overcome rice problems by assembling rice varieties that can grow optimally on dry land with high production yields through a plant breeding program by carrying out crosses between lowland rice varieties of the Cibogo variety and upland rice varieties of Situ Bagendit, which has produced the F7 generation which is used as planting material In this study, according to Acquaah (2012) the F7 generation can carry out a preliminary yield test to determine the yield potential of each expected genotype number. Preliminary yield tests were carried out in the lowlands because they have good potential for rice cultivation. The aim of this study was to examine the yield of six promising lines of F7 generation rice compared to lowland control varieties. This research was conducted from January to June 2023 in Jenggolo Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency, East Java. The research design used randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments of planting material, which were repeated 3 times. The treatment of planting material that was used is six potential lines of F7 generation rice with genotype numbers (G1) F7-4-21-11-23-3-2, (G2) F7-4-21-11-23-3-11, (G3) F7-4-21-11-23-3-12, (G4) F7-4-21-11-23-6-2, (G5) F7-4-21-11-23-6-11, (G6) F7-4-21-11-23-6-17, and three comparison varieties which is Situ Bagendit (SB), Cibogo (CB) and IR64 (IR) varieties. The characters observed are quantitative characters and qualitative characters. Quantitative characters observed are Plant Height (cm), Date to Harvesting (DAP), Date to Flowering (DAP), Number of Productive Tillers, Panicles Length, Number of Fertile Grains per panicle (awn), Number of total grains per panicle (awn), Percentage of Fertile Grain (%), Weight of 1000 Grains (g), Weight of Fertile Grain per Clump (g), Yield Per Hectare (t.ha-1), and difference in yield (%). Meanwhile, the qualitative character that will be observed are: Leaf Color, Lingule Color, Aurcile Color, Flag Leaf Angle, Rod Angle, Awn Color, Leaf Surface, and Lodging. The data generated from the qualitative characters were analyzed descriptively for additional information in the form of a description of the potential lines as a support for the quantitative data. Meanwhile, quantitative data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the analysis of variance which were significantly different were further tested using the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test at the 5% level. The results showed that the quantitative characters obtained 8 significantly different characters, namely plant height, date to flowering, date to harvesting age, panicle length, number of fertile grains per panicle, number of total grains per panicle, the weight of fertile grain, yield (t.ha-1) and number of fertile grains. Meanwhile, the qualitative character of the six potential lines and the comparison varieties were found to be uniform except for the character of lodging. Potential lines have high yield prospects and the highest number of fertile grains compared to the three control varieties, namely genotype numbers F7-4-21-11-23-3-2 and F7-4-21-11-23-6-11. Then, the best individual from the best genotype was obtained, based on the character results of the number of fertile grains per panicle, namely individuals 4-21-11-23-3-2-9 and 4-21-11-23-6-11-2.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523040280
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	27 Sep 2023 01:09
Last Modified:	27 Sep 2023 01:09
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203299

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