Marpaung, Leny Theresia Putri and Akhmad Rizali,, SP., M.Si., Ph.D (2023) Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Kumbang pada Pertanaman Kubis : Pengaruh Cara Budidaya dan Komposisi Lanskap. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kubis (Brassica oleracea) merupakan tanaman sayuran dari famili Brassicaceae. Kubis merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura di Indonesia yang memiliki nilai komersial dan nilai sosial yang cukup tinggi. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan tanaman kubis banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani karena dapat memberikan keuntungan yang besar. Namun, produksi tanaman kubis cenderung menurun. Permintaan kubis di Indonesia belum dapat terpenuhi. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan belum terpenuhinya permintaan kubis ialah serangan hama. Serangan hama dapat ditekan dan dikendalikan dengan musuh alami. Penggunaan musuh alami ramah lingkungan dan tidak menimbulkan resistensi dan resurjensi hama. Musuh alami berasal dari berbagai jenis Ordo, salah satunya Ordo Coleoptera. Ordo Coleoptera memiliki jumlah spesies terbesar yaitu sekitar 40% dari total seluruh jenis serangga. Keberadaan musuh alami dipengaruhi oleh cara budidaya dan komposisi lanskap. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi lanskap, peranan kumbang, serta hubungan cara budidaya dan komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi kumbang. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada 12 lahan pertanaman kubis dengan 4 lokasi yaitu Kecamatan Pujon, Kecamatan Tumpang, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, dan Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur mulai dari November 2022 hingga Mei 2023. Penentuan lokasi penelitian adalah lahan pertanaman kubis yang berada di dataran tinggi dengan jarak antar lahan 1 km. Pemetaan kondisi lanskap dan karakterisasi lanskap dilakukan dengan ground survey pada radius 500 m kemudian mencatat berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan lalu melakukan digitasi menggunakan aplikasi Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) versi 3.26.3. Analisis lanskap ekologi menggunakan Landscape ecology Statistics (LecoS) untuk memperoleh nilai Number of Patch (NumP) dan Class Area (CA). Pengambilan sampel kumbang menggunakan perangkap pitfall trap dengan jarak antar perangkap sejauh 2 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada umur 2 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST), 4 MST, 6 MST, dan 8 MST. Identifikasi kumbang menggunakan bantuan buku kunci identifikasi Borror tahun 2004. Dokumentasi kumbang menggunakan mikroskop binokuler dengan perbesaran maksimal 5x. Data pendukung kondisi habitat berupa ketinggian diperoleh melalui perangkat lunak Google Earth. Data pendukung mengenai cara budidaya diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada petani. Hasil pengamatan dan data pendukung ditabulasikan dalam bentuk database menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel 2019. Hubungan umur, insektisida, dan ketinggian terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi. Komposisi kumbang dianalisis menggunakan analisis kemiripan (analysis of similarity, ANOSIM) dan ditampilkan dalam plot Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). Hubungan lanskap dan cara budidaya terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang menggunakan analisis Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Semua analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak RStudio versi 4.2.3 dengan package vegan Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa karakteristik lanskap dari 12 lokasi penelitian tersusun dari berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan yang bervariasi yaitu pertanian, habitat alami, perkebunan, pemukiman, industri, dan lahan terbuka. Kumbang yang ditemukan terdiri dari 423 individu, 50 morfospesies, dan 12 famili dengan berbagai macam peran yaitu sebagai predator, hama, detritivor, dan scavenger. Aplikasi insektisida dan umur tanaman tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang serta tidak menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi kumbang. Ketinggian tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman, namun berkorelasi negatif terhadap kelimpahan kumbang, serta menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi kumbang. NumP pertanian berkorelasi positif terhadap keanekaragaman namun tidak berkorelasi terhadap kelimpahan kumbang. CA pertanian tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang. NumP habitat alami dan CA habitat alami tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakteristik lanskap dan perbedaan keanekaragaman kumbang di setiap lokasi penelitian serta terdapat hubungan antara kondisi habitat dan komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi kumbang.
English Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a vegetable plant from the Brassicaceae family. Cabbage is one of the horticultural commodities in Indonesia, which has relatively high commercial and social values. The reason why farmers widely cultivated cabbage plants is that they can provide significant profits Demand for cabbage in Indonesia has not been met. One of the factors causing unfulfilled demand for cabbage is pest attacks. Pest attacks can be suppressed and controlled with natural enemies. Using natural enemies is environmentally friendly and does not cause pest resistance and resurgence. Natural enemies come from various orders, one of which is Coleoptera. The Coleoptera order has the most significant number of species, about 40% of the total insect species. Cultivation methods and landscape composition influence the presence of natural enemies. Therefore, it is necessary to research landscape characterization, the role of beetles, the influence and correlation of cultivation methods, and landscape composition on the diversity, abundance, and pieces of beetles. Research activities were carried out in 12 cabbage planting areas in 4 locations, namely Pujon District, Tumpang District, Poncokusumo District, and Purwodadi District, Malang Regency, East Java, from November 2022 to May 2023. The location for the research was determined by the cabbage plantations in the highlands, with a distance of 1 km between fields. Mapping of landscape conditions and landscape characterization was carried out using a ground survey at a radius of 500 m, then recorded various types of land use and then digitized using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) application version 3.26.3. Ecological landscape analysis uses Landscape ecology Statistics (LecoS) to obtain the Number of Patch (NumP) and Class Area (CA) values—a sampling of beetles using pitfall traps with a distance between traps as far as 2 m. Sampling was carried out 2 weeks after planting, 4 weeks after planting, 6 weeks after planting, and 8 weeks after planting. Identification of beetles using the help of the Borror identification essential book in 2004. Documentation of beetles using a binocular microscope with a maximum magnification of 5 times. The Google Earth software obtained supporting data for habitat conditions in the form of altitude. Supporting data regarding cultivation methods were obtained through interviews with farmers. The observations and supporting data results were tabulated in a database using Microsoft Excel 2019 software. The correlation between age, insecticides, and altitude on beetle diversity and abundance was analyzed using regression analysis. The beetle composition was analyzed using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and displayed in Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) plots. The correlation between landscape and cultivation methods to the diversity and abundance of beetles uses the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis. All data analysis was performed using Rstudio software version 4.2.3 and the vegan and ggplot2 packages. The results showed that the landscape characteristics of the 12 research locations comprised various types of land use, namely agriculture, natural habitats, plantations, settlements, industry, and open land. The beetles consisted of 423 individuals, 50 morphospecies, and 12 families with various roles as predators, pests, detritivores, and scavengers. Insecticide application and plant age did not correlate with beetle diversity and abundance or show differences in beetle composition. Altitude does not correlate with diversity but negatively correlates with beetle abundance and shows differences in composition. Agricultural NumP positively correlates with diversity but does not correlate with beetle abundance. Agricultural CA did not correlate with beetle diversity and abundance. Natural habitat NumP and natural habitat CA did not correlate with beetle diversity and abundance. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are differences in landscape characteristics and differences in beetle diversity at each study location, and there is a relationship between habitat conditions and landscape composition on beetle diversity, abundance, and composition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040263 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Sep 2023 02:46 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2023 02:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203255 |
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