Natasya, Ela Novdianda and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kurniatun Hairiah (2023) Laju Dekomposisi Seresah Daun dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kandang di Lahan Agroforestri. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sistem Agroforestri penting untuk mempertahankan kandungan bahan organik tanah melalui dekomposisi seresah tanaman yang jatuh ke permukaan tanah. Masukan bahan organik dapat berasal dari seresah gugur, hasil pangkasan cabang dan ranting pohon, pengembalian sisa panen dan akar-akar yang mati. Petani kopi menambahkan pupuk kandang untuk menambah hara dalam tanah yang berguna dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi. Namun demikian, pemberian pupuk kandang yang dilakukan dapat mempercepat laju dekomposisi seresah sehingga tanah memerlukan penambahan bahan organik secara terus menerus. Laju dekomposisi seresah dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal (kualitas seresah) dan faktor eksternal (iklim mikro dan aktivitas mikroba). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh penambahan pupuk kandang yang berbeda terhadap laju dekomposisi seresah di lahan agroforestri berbasis kopi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Oktober 2022 di UB Forest, Dusun Sumbersari, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Pengukuran laju dekomposisi dilakukan dengan mengamati penurunan biomassa seresah daun yang tersisa dalam litter bag (ukuran mesh = 0,5 mm). Jenis biomassa seresah daun yang digunakan adalah seresah kopi (K), seresah pinus (P), dan campuran seresah pinus+kopi 1:1 (PK). Pupuk kandang yang digunakan adalah pupuk kandang ayam (CM) dan pupuk kandang kambing (GM). Pengamatan kehilangan berat masa seresah yang tertinggal dalam litter bag dilakukan 5 kali ulangan dengan 5 waktu pengamatan (2, 4, 6, 8 dan 12 minggu setelah aplikasi). Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik kimia bahan organik (C-Organik, N total, dan Lignin,), karakteristik tanah (tekstur, BI, pH, C-Organik, dan N-total), dan iklim mikro (suhu udara dan suhu tanah) pada plot pengamatan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk kandang meningkatkan laju dekomposisi. Laju dekomposisi tercepat terjadi pada plot dengan penambahan pupuk kandang ayam (k value = 0,129 dengan t50 = 30 minggu), diikuti oleh plot dengan penambahan pupuk kandang kambing (k value = 0,026 dengan t50 = 33 minggu) dan plot kontrol merupakan plot dengan laju dekomposisi terendah (k value = 0,012 dengan t50 = 59 minggu). Laju dekomposisi seresah tercepat ditunjukkan oleh seresah kopi dengan penambahan pupuk kandang ayam (k = 0,044 dengan t50 = 16 minggu). Seresah campuran pinus+kopi dengan penambahan pupuk kandang ayam juga memiliki laju dekomposisi yang cepat (k = 0,033 dengan t50 = 21 minggu), sedangkan laju dekomposisi seresah terendah terdapat pada seresah pinus pada plot kontrol (tanpa pupuk) (k = 0,009 dengan t50 = 77 minggu). Perbedaan laju dekomposisi antar seresah dalam sistem agroforestri ber-manfaat selain untuk penambahan bahan organik tanah juga untuk mempertahankan suplai pakan bagi organisma tanah yang bemanfaat bagi layanan lingkungan ekosistem tanah.
English Abstract
Agroforestry systems are important for maintaining soil organic matter content through the decomposition of litter fall in the soil surface. Organic matter input can come from fallen trees litter, pruning of tree branches and twigs, returning of crop residues and dead roots. Coffee farmers often add manure to add nutrients to the soil which are useful for increasing coffee growth and production. However, the application of manure can accelerate the rate of litter decomposition so that the soil requires continuous addition of organic matter. The rate of litter decomposition is influenced by internal factors (litter quality) and external factors (microclimate and microbial activity). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of different manures on the rate of litter decomposition in coffee-based agroforestry lands. This research was conducted in July - October 2022 at UB Forest, Sumbersari Hamlet, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java. The decomposition rate was measured by observing the decrease in leaf litter biomass remaining in the litter bag (mesh size = 0,5 mm). The types of leaf litter biomass used were coffee litter (K), pine litter (P), and a 1:1 mixture of pine+coffee litter (PK). The manure used was chicken manure (CM) and goat manure (GM). Observation of the weight of the remaining litte in the litter bag was carried out 5 times, with 5 observation times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after application). Parameters observed were chemical characteristics of organic matter (concentration of C-organic, total N, and Lignin), soil characteristics (texture, BD, pH total, C-Organic, and total N), and microclimate (air temperature and soil temperature) on observation plots. The observation results show that the addition of manure increase the rate of litter decomposition. The fastest decomposition rate occurred in plots with the addition of chicken manure with an average k value = 0,129 with t50 = 30 weeks, followed by plots with the addition of goat manure (k value = 0,026 with t50 = 33 weeks) and control plots (without addition of manure) is the plot with the lowest decomposition rate (k value = 0,012 with t50 = 59 weeks). The fastest litter decomposition rate was shown by coffee litter with the addition of chicken manure (k = 0,044 with t50 = 16 weeks). Pine+coffee mixed litter with the addition of chicken manure also had a fast decomposition rate (k = 0,033 with t50 = 21 weeks), while the lowest litter decomposition rate was found in pine litter in the control plot (without fertilizer) (k = 0,009 with t50 = 77 weeks). Differences in the rate of decomposition between litters in agroforestry systems provide various benefits in addition to adding soil organic matter content, but also maintaining a supply of feed for soil organisms that are beneficial to the soil ecosystem services.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040251 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Agroforestri Pinus Kopi, Laju Dekomposisi, Kotoran Ayam, Kotoran Kambing, Coffee pine agroforestry, decomposition rate, chicken manure, goat manure. |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Sep 2023 06:50 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Sep 2023 06:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203220 |
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