Pengaruh Penambahan Induser CuSO4 dan Suhu Inkubasi Terhadap Degradasi Lignin Menggunakan Bakteri Comamonas testosteroni Pada Pretreatment Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Ramadhan, Muhammad Rizqi and Irnia Nurika,, STP, MP, PhD and Nimas Mayang Sabrina S.,, STP, MP, Ph.D (2023) Pengaruh Penambahan Induser CuSO4 dan Suhu Inkubasi Terhadap Degradasi Lignin Menggunakan Bakteri Comamonas testosteroni Pada Pretreatment Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan dari produksi kelapa sawit. Produksi kelapa sawit mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya konsumsi minyak sawit dan perluasan kebun kelapa sawit. Peningkatan produksi kelapa sawit ini menyebabkan produksi TKKS juga mengalami kenaikan.TKKS memiliki banyak potensi untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi produk lain, seperti pupuk organik, pestisida, dan briket arang. Namun, TKKS juga memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang dapat mengoptimal penggunaan dari limbah tersebut. Kandungan lignoselulosa tersebut membuat TKKS berpotensi sebagai biomassa yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi bioproduk bernilai tinggi dan sumber energi. Lignoselulosa terdiri dari 3 komponen penyusun utama, yaitu selulosa (40-50%), hemiselulosa (25-35%), dan lignin (15-20%). Selulosa dan hemiselulosa dapat dihidrolisis menjadi gula fermentasi yang nantinya dapat diolah kembali menjadi bahan bakar ataupun bahan kimia lainnya. Lignin tersusun dari senyawa aromatis yang terhubung satu sama lain melalui ikatan yang bervariasi dan tidak teratur. Hal ini membuat lignin menjadi sulit terdegradasi. Ketiga polimer tersebut membentuk ikatan silang yang membuat stuktur dinding sel tanaman menjadi keras dan juga menjadi tantangan dalam pengolahan biomassa seperti TKKS. Pretreatment biologis menggunakan bakteri Comamonas testosteroni menjadi salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan mendegradasi struktur dari lignin. Bakteri Comamonas testosteroni mampu menghasilkan beberapa enzim ligninolitik, seperti Lakase, Mangan peroxsidase (MnP), dan Dyecolourizing peroxidase (DyP). Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik dan kemampuan Comamonas testosteroni dalam mendegradasi lignoselulosa TKKS pada pretreatment diduga dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan induser CuSO4 dan penggunaan variasi suhu inkubasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan induser CuSO4 dan suhu inkubasi terhadap proses degradasi lignoselulosa TKKS dalam pretreatment menggunakan bakteri Comamonas testosteroni. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu konsentrasi induser CuSO4 (A) dan suhu inkubasi.(B). Faktor konsentrasi induser CuSO4 terdiri dari 3 level konsentrasi, yaitu 0,2 mM, 0,5 mM, dan 0,8 mM. Faktor suhu inkubasi terdiri dari 3 level suhu, yaitu 25oC, 30oC, dan 35oC. Berdasarkan 2 faktor perlakuan tersebut, didapatkan 9 kombinasi perlakuan dan dilakukan 2 kali pengulangan. Pada penelitian ini, beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan, meliputi uji total gula reduksi (TGR), uji total soluble phenol (TSP), uji kadar lignoselulosa, uji susut berat, uji kadar air, dan uji pH. Hasil uji yang didapat pada penelitian akan dianalisis menggunakan Two-way ANOVA dan uji DMRT Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan CuSO4 pada rentang konsentrasi 0,2 – 0,8 mM memberikan penurunan hasil TSP, TGR, kadar lignoselulosa, dan susut berat dibandingkan dengan sampel tanpa tambahan CuSO4. Kenaikan suhu inkubasi hingga 30oC memberikan peningkatan pada hasil nilai TSP, TGR, kadar lignoselulosa, dan susut berat. Nilai TGR tertinggi dihasilkan oleh sampel tanpa CuSO4 yang diinkubasi pada suhu 35oC dengan nilai sebesar 9,455 mg/g. Nilai TSP tertinggi dihasilkan oleh sampel tanpa CuSO4 yang diinkubasi pada suhu 30oC dengan nilai sebesar 0,030 mg/g. Tingkat susut berat tertinggi dihasilkan oleh sampel tanpa CuSO4 yang diinkubasi pada suhu 30oC dengan besar penurunan susut berat sebesar 24,15%. Seluruh sampel mengalami penurunan dengan pH terendah 6,88. Kadar lignin terendah dihasilkan oleh sampel tanpa CuSO4 pada suhu 30oC sebesar 14,41% dengan tingkat penurunan lignin sebesar 17,68%.

English Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are one of the wastes generated from palm oil production. Palm oil production has increased along with the increase in palm oil consumption and the expansion of oil palm plantations. This increase in palm oil production has also caused the increased production of OPEFB. OPEFB has a lot of potential to be conveerted into other products, such as organic fertilizers, pesticides, and charcoal briquettes. However, OPEFB also contains lignocellulose which can optimize the waste utilization. The lignocellulose content makes OPEFB potentially a biomass that can be used to produce high-value bioproducts and energy sources. Lignocellulose consists of 3 main constituent components, namely cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-35%), and lignin (15-20%). Cellulose and hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into fermented sugars which can later be reprocessed into fuel or other chemicals. Lignin is composed of aromatic compounds that are connected to each other through varied and irregular bonds. This makes it difficult for lignin to be degraded. The three polymers form a crosslinking that makes hard structure of the plant cell wall and is also a challenge in processing biomass such as OPEFB. Biological pretreatment using the Comamonas testosterone bacteria becomes one of the way that can be used to break down and degrade the structure of lignin. Comamonas testosterone bacteria are able to produce several ligninolytic enzymes, such as Lakase, Manganese peroxsidase (MnP), and Dyecolourizing peroxidase (DyP). The activity of the enzyme ligninolytics and the ability of Comamonas testosterone in degrading lignocellulose OPEFB in pretreatment are thought to be enhanced by the treatment of the addition of a CuSO4 inducer and the use of incubation temperature variations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of CuSO4 inducer addition and incubation temperature on the degradation process of lignocellulose in pretreatment using Comamonas testosterone bacteria as lignin degrading bacteria. The research design used was a randomized group design (RAK) with 2 factors, namely the concentration of CuSO4 (A) inducers and incubation temperature. (B). The concentration factor of the CuSO4 inducer consists of 3 concentration levels, namely 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.8 mM. The incubation temperature factor consists of 3 temperature levels, namely 25OC, 30OC, and 35OC. Based on these 2 treatment factors, 9 combinations of treatments were obtained and 2 repetitions were carried out. In this study, several tests were carried out, including total reducing sugar test (TRS), total soluble phenol (TSP) test, lignocellulose level test, weight loss test, water content test, and pH test. The test results obtained in the study will be analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and DMRT tests The result shows CuSO4 addition in the concentration range of 0,2 – 0,8 mM resulted in decreased yields of TSP, TRS, lignocellulosic content, and weight loss compared to samples without CuSO4 addition. Increasing the incubation temperature up to 30oC resulted in increased yields of TSP, TRS, lignocellulosic content, and weight loss. The highest TRS was obtained by sample without CuSO4 addition which were incubated at 35oC with a value of 9.455 mg/g. The highest TSP was obtained by sample without CuSO4 addition which were incubated at 30oC with a value of 0,030 mg/g. The highest weight loss was obtained by sample without CuSO4 addition which were incubated at 30oC with weight loss rate at 24,15%. All samples pH decreased with the lowest pH at 6,88. The lowest lignin content was obtained by sample without CuSO4 addition at 30oC of 14,41% with lignin reduction rate of 17,86%.

Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: 0523100067
Uncontrolled Keywords: Comamonas testosteroni, Lignoselulosa, Pretreatment, TKKS,Comamonas testosteroni, Lignocellulose, OPEFB, Pretreatment
Subjects: 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User: soegeng Moelyono
Date Deposited: 18 Aug 2023 02:59
Last Modified: 18 Aug 2023 02:59
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202513
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