Manurung, Yunika Dewi Anggraini and Dr. Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro,, MS and Fery Abdul Choliq,, SP., M.Sc. (2023) Pengaruh Dosis Pyraclostrobin + Metiram Terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium oxysporum dan Keanekaragaman Jamur Rizosfer Pada Tanaman Cabai Keriting. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai keriting (Capsicum annum L) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perdu di Indonesia yang masuk kedalam famili terong – terongan. Kebutuhan cabai di Indonesia tiap tahun meningkat namun produksi cabai mengalami penurunan. Gangguan penyakit tanaman menjadi kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi tanaman yang dapat menyebabkan produksi menurun secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Penyakit layu fusarium merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp capsici (F.o f. sp capsici). Salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu fusarium dengan menggunakan fungisida pyraclostrobin dan metiram. Namun, penggunaan fungisida yang berlebihan dapat menurunkan populasi dan keanekaragaman jamur rizosfer. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pyraclostrobin + metiram terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum dan keanekaragaman jamur rizosfer pada tanaman cabai keriting. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni eksperimen dan eksplorasi jamur rizosfer yang meliputi pengaplikasian pyraclostrobin + metiram, pengamatan intensitas penyakit, pengambilan sampel tanah rizosfer tanaman cabai, isolasi, purifikasi dan identifikasi. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Pengamatan intensitas penyakit dilakukan di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur milik AgSolution Farm PT. BASF pada lahan cabai keriting. Eksplorasi jamur rizosfer secara in vitro dilakukan Laboratorium Toksikologi, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2022. Data pengamatan intensitas penyakit, identifikasi jenis jamur rizosfer yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk menentukan keanekaragaman jenis menggunakan rumus: intensitas penyakit (IP), indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H'), indeks dominansi (D), dan indeks kemerataan (E). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya perberbedaan serangan penyakit layu antara perlakuan menggunakan pyraclostrobin + metiram dan tanpa pyraclostrobin + metiram pada tanaman cabai. Maka diketahui bahwa dosis pyraclostrobin + metiram mempengaruhi penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman cabai keriting. Perlakuan P1 memiliki serangan penyakit tertinggi daripada perlakuan P2, P3 dan P4. Data kuantitatif diketahui bahwa makin tinggi dosis fungisida pyraclostrobin + metiram semakin efektif mengendalikan penyakit layu. Keanekaragaman jamur rizosfer yang ditemukan yaitu Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium sp. Keanekaragaman jenis jamur rizosfer tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan kontrol dengan jumlah 4 jenis, sedangkan keanekaragaman jenis jamur rizosfer pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida memiliki jumlah jenis jamur yang sama yaitu 3 jenis. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis jamur rizosfer tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan nilai 1,33 dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan pyraclostrobin + metiram 2,5kg/ha dengan nilai 1,08. Indeks dominansi jamur rizosfer tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pyraclostrobin + metiram 2,5kg/ha dengan nilai 0.37 dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan nilai 0.28. Indeks kemerataan jamur rizosfer tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pyraclostrobin vi + metiram 1,5kg/ha dengan nilai 0.98 dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan pyraclostrobin + metiram 2,5kg/ha dengan nilai 0,94. Dosis pyraclostrobin + metiram mempengaruhi penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman cabai keriting. Diketahui secara kuantitatif bahwa semakin tinggi dosis fungisida pyraclostrobin + metiram maka semakin rendah tingkat serangan penyakit layu. Hal tersebut juga didukung dari data hasil indeks keanekaragaman jamur rizosfer perlakuan tanpa fungisida lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida pyraclostrobin + metiram dan ditemukan adanya jamur Fusarium sp. sedangkan pada perlakuan pyraclostrobin + metiram jamur Fusarium sp. tidak ditemukan
English Abstract
Chili (Capsicum annum L) is a type of shrub in Indonesia which belongs to the eggplant family. The need for chili in Indonesia increases every year, but chili production has decreased. Plant disease disturbance is an obstacle in increasing crop production which can cause production to decrease in quantity and quality. Fusarium wilt is an important disease on chili plants caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp capsici (F.o f. sp capsici). One of the efforts to control fusarium wilt is by using pyraclostrobin and metyram fungicides. However, excessive use of fungicides can reduce the population and diversity of rhizosphere fungi. So it is necessary to do research to determine the effect of pyraclostrobin + metyram doses on Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease and diversity of rhizosphere fungi in curly chili plants. The method used in this study was experimentation and exploration of rhizosphere fungi which included the application of pyraclostrobin + metyram, observation of disease intensity, sampling of chili rhizosphere soil, isolation, purification and identification. The experiment was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Observation of disease intensity was carried out in Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency, East Java belonging to AgSolution Farm PT. BASF on curly chili fields. In vitro exploration of rhizosphere fungi was carried out by the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. This research was conducted from August to December 2022. Data on disease intensity observations, identification of rhizosphere fungal species obtained were analyzed to determine species diversity using the formula: disease intensity (IP), species diversity index (H'), dominance index (D), and evenness index (E). The results showed that there were differences in the attack of wilt disease between treatments using pyraclostrobin + metyram and without pyraclostrobin + metyram on chili plants. So it is known that the dose of pyraclostrobin + metyram affects Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease on curly chili plants. Treatment P1 had the highest disease attack compared to treatments P2, P3 and P4. Quantitative data shows that the higher the dose of fungicide pyraclostrobin + metyram the more effective it is in controlling wilt. The diversity of rhizosphere fungi found was Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest diversity of rhizosphere fungi was found in the control treatment with a total of 4 species, while the diversity of rhizosphere fungi in the fungicide application treatment had the same number of fungal species, namely 3 species. The highest diversity index of rhizosphere fungi was found in the control treatment with a value of 1.33 and the lowest was in the pyraclostrobin + metyram 2.5 kg/ha treatment with a value of 1.08. The highest rhizosphere fungi dominance index was found in the pyraclostrobin + metyram 2.5 kg/ha treatment with a value of 0.37 and the lowest was in the control treatment with a value of 0.28. The highest rhizosphere fungal evenness index was found in the pyraclostrobin + metyram 1.5kg/ha treatment with a value of 0.98 and the lowest was in the pyraclostrobin + metyram 2.5kg/ha treatment with a value of 0.94. Pyraclostrobin + metyram dose affects Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease on curly chili plants. It is known quantitatively that the higher the dose of pyraclostrobin + metyram fungicide, the lower the rate of wilt disease attack. This was also supported by data on the results viii of the diversity index of rhizosphere fungi, the treatment without fungicide was higher than the application of pyraclostrobin + metyram fungicide and the presence of Fusarium sp. whereas in the pyraclostrobin + metyram treatment the fungus Fusarium sp. not found.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040176 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jun 2023 03:34 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jun 2023 03:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201603 |
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