Pengaruh Sinar Matahari terhadap Viabilitas Beauveria bassiana di Daun Tanaman Kedelai dan Virulensinya pada Larva Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Kamilati, Ulya and Prof. Dr. Ir. Aminudin Afandhi,, MS. and Dr. Silvi Ikawati,, SP., MP., M.Sc (2023) Pengaruh Sinar Matahari terhadap Viabilitas Beauveria bassiana di Daun Tanaman Kedelai dan Virulensinya pada Larva Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Spodoptera litura adalah hama yang bersifat polifag dengan kisaran inang mencakup tanaman budidaya maupun tanaman non-budidaya, salah satunya yaitu tanaman kedelai. Salah satu usaha pengendalian S. litura yaitu menggunakan insektisida, namun dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti resistensi, resurgensi, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Pemanfaatan agens hayati merupakan komponen dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu jamur patogen serangga (JPS) yang memiliki potensi dalam pengendalian hama pada berbagai komoditas tanaman dan telah dikembangkan di berbagai negara sebagai agens hayati. Kesulitan dalam penggunaan JPS B. bassiana sebagai bioinsektisida yaitu persistensi konidia pada tanaman yang singkat setelah aplikasi di lapang. Dampak negatif dari sinar matahari, suhu, dan kelembapan pada JPS telah dilaporkan dapat menurunkan persistensi konidia B. bassiana. Penurunan persistensi konidia B. bassiana setelah diaplikasikan dapat menyebabkan virulensi menjadi rendah terhadap serangga inang. Penelitian mengenai persistensi konidia B. bassiana di tanah dan pada kanopi tanaman selain kedelai telah dilaporkan. Meskipun demikian, informasi mengenai persistensi pada tanaman kedelai belum banyak diteliti. Persistensi dapat ditetapkan berdasarkan data viabilitas dan virulensi konidia B. bassiana. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November 2022 di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati 2, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jawa Timur, sedangkan aplikasi pada filoplan tanaman kedelai dilakukan di lahan percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan aplikasi yaitu pemaparan konidia B. bassiana pada filoplan tanaman kedelai selama 0 (kontrol), 3, 5, 8, 30, 33, 48, 55 dan 57 jam. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah viabilitas konidia B. bassiana, reduksi viabilitas konidia B. bassiana, mortalitas, lama kematian larva S. litura dan data iklim. Data dari hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA, apabila hasil menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata maka dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konidia B. bassiana yang dipaparkan selama 3, 5, 8, 30, 48, 55 dan 57 jam mengalami penurunan viabilitas, mortalitas dan kenaikan LT50 pada S. litura. Lama pemaparan sinar matahari selama 3 jam aman terhadap viabilitas dan virulensi B. bassiana dengan persentase viabilitas 66,22% menghasilkan virulensi terhadap larva S. litura dengan persentase mortalitas 67,48% dan LT50 3,44 hari.

English Abstract

Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest with a range of hosts including cultivated and non-cultivated plants, one of which is soybean. Utilization insecticides to control S. litura can cause negative impacts such as resistance, resurgence, and environmental pollution. Using biological agents is a component in the concept of integrated pest control (IPM). Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) which has the potential to control pests in various plant commodities and has been developed in various countries as a biological agent. The difficulty in using EPF B. bassiana as a bioinsecticide is the short persistence of conidia on plants after application in the field. The negative effects of sunlight, temperature, and humidity on EPF have been reported to reduce the persistence of B. bassiana conidia. The persistence of B. bassiana conidia after application will decrease and it causes low virulence against the host insect. Research on the persistence of B. bassiana conidia in the soil and in the canopy of plants other than soybeans has been reported. However, the information regarding persistence in soybean plants has not been widely studied. Persistence can be determined based on the viability and virulence data of B. bassiana conidia. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 at the Biological Control Laboratory 2, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, while the application on phyloplan of soybean was carried out in the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) experiment. The application treatment was exposure of B. bassiana conidia to phyloplanes of soybean for 0 (control), 3, 5, 8, 30, 33, 48, 55 and 57 hours. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed in this study is conidial viability of B. bassiana, reduction of conidial viability B. bassiana, mortality, LT50 of S. litura dan weather. The data from the research results were analyzed using the ANOVA test, if the results showed a significant effect then it was continued using Duncan's test at the 5% level of confidence. Based on the result of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that B. bassiana conidia exposed for 3, 5, 8, 30, 48, 55 and 57 hours decreased the percentage of germinating conidia, mortality and increased LT50 in S. litura. Sunlight exposure for 3 hours is safe for the viability and virulence of B. bassiana with a viability percentage of 66,22% resulting in virulence against S. litura larvae with a mortality percentage of 67,48% and LT50 3,44 days.

Other obstract

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Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: 0523040165
Subjects: 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: PKN 01 UB
Date Deposited: 13 Jun 2023 07:43
Last Modified: 13 Jun 2023 07:43
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201553
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