Permata, Twenty Imelda and Ir. Koesriharti,, MS (2023) Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Hasil dan Kandungan Vitamin C Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman terung merupakan tanaman sayuran yang sangat digemari masyarakat karena rasanya yang enak dan kaya akan vitamin dan kandungan gizi yang baik bagi tubuh. Permintaan dan jumlah konsumsi terung di masyarakat tiap tahunnya semakin meningkat namun tidak diiringi dengan peningkatan produksi. Berdasarkan data Direktori Perkembangan Konsumsi Pangan tahun 2019 konsumsi terung di Indonesia meningkat, dari tahun 2018 sebanyak 2,78 kg/kap/tahun menjadi 2,95 kg/kap/tahun pada tahun 2019. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya peningkatan produksi terung khususnya pada teknik budidaya terung. Media tanam yang baik merupakan kunci dari berhasilnya budidaya terung. Media tanam yang baik merupakan media yang kaya akan unsur hara dan mampu mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman yang tumbuh di atasnya. Selain media tanam, penambahan unsur hara sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hara tanaman juga diperlukan. Salah satu caranya yaitu dengan pemberian pupuk NPK dengan dosis yang tepat. Komposisi media tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK yang tepat diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produksi dan kandungan vitamin khususnya vitamin C pada tanaman terung. Perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan interaksi nyata yaitu antara komposisi media tanam dan pemberian pupuk NPK melalui penyerapan unsur hara secara optimal oleh tanaman dari komposisi media tanam yang mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman terung sehingga akan didapatkan hasil dan kandungan vitamin C yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juli 2022 di lahan terbuka yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Alat yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah cangkul, sekop, meteran, timbangan analitik, penggaris, meteran, ember dan gelas ukur. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih terung ungu Mustang F1, polybag ukuran 45 x 45 cm, air, pupuk NPK, kotoran sapi, kotoran sapi, serbuk gergaji, arang sekam dan ajir. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi media tanam yaitu C1= tanah : kotoran sapi : arang sekam (1 : 1 : 1) dan C2= tanah : kotoran sapi : serbuk gergaji (1 : 1 : 1), faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk NPK D0= 0 gram/tanaman, D1= 30 gram/tanaman, D2= 40 gram/tanaman, D3= 50 gram/tanaman dan D4= 60 gram/tanaman. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan mulai 14 hst hingga 49 hst selama satu minggu sekali, sedangkan pengamatan hasil dilakukan pada saat panen. Parameter pengamatan yang digunakan ialah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), umur berbunga (hari), jumlah bunga (kuntum), umur berbuah (hari), umur panen pertama (hari), umur panen terakhir (hari), luas daun (cm2 ), jumlah buah per tanaman (buah), bobot buah per tanaman (gram), bobot per buah (gram), panjang buah (cm), diameter buah (cm), kandungan vitamin C buah (mg/100gram) dan kandungan klorofil daun (mg/gram). Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan apabila berbeda nyata maka diuji lanjut menggunakan BNT 5%. ii Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara komposisi media tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 21 HST dan 28 HST, jumlah daun pada umur 21 HST, 28 HST dan 35 HST, umur berbunga, jumlah bunga, umur berbuah, umur panen pertama dan terakhir, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, bobot per buah dan diameter buah. Pada komposisi media tanam tanah + kotoran sapi + arang sekam (C1) dengan pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 40 g/tan (D2) mampu meningkatkan bobot buah per tanaman, bobot per buah dan diameter buah. Pada media tanam tanah + kotoran sapi + serbuk gergaji (C2) dengan pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 30 g/tan (D1), 40 g/tan (D2), 50 g/tan (D3) dan 60 g/tan (D4) tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata. Pada media tanam tanah + kotoran sapi + arang sekam (C1) dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, panjang buah dan kandungan klorofil daun. Pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 30 g/tan (D1), 40 g/tan (D2), 50 g/tan (D3) dan 60 g/tan (D4) tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan luas daun tanaman terung. Pemberian dosis pupuk NPK 40 g/tan (D2) meningkatkan panjang buah tanaman terung.
English Abstract
Eggplant is a vegetable plant that is very popular in the community because it tastes good and rich in vitamins and nutrients that are good for the body. The demand and the amount of consumption of eggplant in the community is increasing every year but not accompanied by an increase in production. Based on data from the Directory of Food Consumption Development in 2019, eggplant consumption in Indonesia has increased, from 2018 as much as 2.78 kg/cap/year to 2.95 kg/cap/year in 2019. To overcome this problem, more efforts are needed to increase eggplant production, especially in eggplant cultivation techniques. A good planting media is the key to successful eggplant cultivation. A good planting media is a media that is rich in nutrients and able to support the growth of plants that grow on it. In addition to the planting media, the addition of nutrients as an effort to meet the needs of plant nutrients is also needed. One way is by applying NPK fertilizer at the right dose. It is hoped that the composition of the planting medium and the correct dose of NPK fertilizer will increase the production and content of vitamins, especially vitamin C, in eggplant plants. The treatment applied in this study is expected to be able to provide a real interaction, namely between the composition of the planting medium and the application of NPK fertilizer through optimal absorption of nutrients by plants from the composition of the planting media that supports the growth of eggplant plants so that optimal yields and vitamin C content will be obtained. The research was carried out from April to July 2022 in open land which is located in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. The tools needed in this research are hoe, shovel, meter, analytical scales, ruler, meter, bucket and measuring cup. The materials used were purple eggplant Mustang F1 seeds, polybag size 45 x 45 cm, water, NPK fertilizer, cow dung, sawdust, husk charcoal and stakes. The study uses a factorial randomized block design (RBDF) consisting of two factors and 3 replications. The first factor is a mixture of planting media, namely C1 = soil: cow dung: husk charcoal (1: 1: 1) and C2 = soil: cow dung: sawdust (1: 1: 1), the second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer D0 = 0 grams /plant, D1= 30 gram/plant, D2= 40 gram/plant, D3= 50 gram/plant and D4= 60 gram/plant. Growth observations were carried out from 14 DAP to 49 DAP for once a week, while yield observations were carried out at harvest. The observation parameters used were plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaves), age of flowering (days), number of flowers (buds), age of fruiting (days), age of first harvest (days), age of last harvest (days), leaf area (cm2), number of fruit per plant (fruit), fruit weight per plant (gram), fruit weight (gram), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit vitamin C content (mg/100gram) and leaf chlorophyll content (mg/gram). Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and if they were significantly different then further tested using LSD at the 5% level. Based on the research that has been carried out, it shows that there is an interaction between the composition of the planting medium and the dose of NPK fertilizer on plant height at 21 DAP and 28 DAP, number of leaves at 21 DAP, 28 iv DAP and 35 DAP, age of flowering, number of flowers, age of fruiting, age of first and last harvest, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight and fruit diameter. In the composition of the planting medium soil + cow dung + husk charcoal (C1) with the application of NPK fertilizer 40 g/plant (D2) was able to increase fruit weight per plant, fruit weight and fruit diameter. In the planting media soil + cow dung + husk charcoal (C1) can increase plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fruit length and leaf chlorophyll content. In the planting media soil + cow dung + sawdust (C2) with NPK fertilizer doses of 30 g/plant (D1), 40 g/plant (D2), 50 g/plant (D3) and 60 g/plant (D4) did not make a significant difference. NPK fertilizer doses of 30 g/plant (D1), 40 g/plant (D2), 50 g/plant (D3) and 60 g/plant (D4) did not make a significant difference in plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of the eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer dose of 40 g/plant (D2) increased eggplant fruit length.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040164 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jun 2023 07:15 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jun 2023 07:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201546 |
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