Sitorus., Teopany Octavia and Prof. Ir. Lita Soetopo,, Ph.D (2023) Karakterisasi Morfologi Enam Galur Melon (Cucumis melo L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang berasal dari famili Cucurbitaceae yang telah banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia karena memiliki pangsa pasar yang luas dan beragam, mulai dari pasar tradisional hingga pasar modern, restoran, dan hotel. Hal ini membuat banyak petani tertarik dan memanfaatkan peluang ini dengan intensif melakukan budidaya tanaman melon di berbagai daerah. Kebutuhan petani terhadap benih melon sejalan dengan peningkatan konsumen. Namun, permintaan pasar terhadap jenis, bentuk, dan warna buah tidak seragam antara daerah yang satu dengan daerah yang lain. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh preferensi konsumen dalam mengkonsumsi buah melon, berdasarkan : net, bentuk buah, rasa buah, ukuran buah, dan ketahanan simpan. Perakitan varietas melon hibrida baru dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam upaya memenuhi selera konsumen terhadap buah melon yang beragam melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Pembentukan varietas unggul hibrida membutuhkan galur inbrida yang memiliki karakter unggul yang dikehendaki sebagai tetua melalui kegiatan karakterisasi. Karakterisasi pada tanaman melon dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan seluruh karakter tanaman, baik karakter kualitatif maupun karakter kuantitatif yang dimiliki tanaman melon, sehingga dapat diidentifikasikan karakter penciri dari suatu genotipe untuk mempermudah pemilihan galur yang berpotensi dijadikan tetua dalam pembentukan varietas unggul baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan deskripsi singkat karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 6 galur tanaman melon dan untuk menentukan galur tanaman melon yang memiliki karakter unggul, berdasarkan: net, bentuk buah, rasa buah, ukuran buah, serta ketahanan simpan dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding. Hipotesis yang diajukan pada penelitian adalah terdapat perbedaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif antar 6 galur tanaman melon dan terdapat galur tanaman melon yang memiliki karakter unggul, berdasarkan: net, bentuk buah, rasa buah, ukuran buah, serta ketahanan simpan dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Green House CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia yang berlokasi di Dusun Manggisari, Desa Bocek, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Februari - Juni 2022. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan 8 genotipe melon (enam galur melon koleksi CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia dan dua varietas pembanding), yaitu MH1, MH2, MH3, MH4, MH5, MH6, MH7, dan MH8. Percobaan dilakukan dalam 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 24 tanaman, sehingga ukuran populasi tanaman maksimal adalah 576 tanaman. Adapun karakter kualitatif yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu, pola helai daun, warna daun, perkembangan cuping daun, bentuk buah, bentuk apex buah, warna biji, kerapatan net, ketebalan net, warna daging buah dan organoleptik. Sedangkan karakter kuantitatif yang diamati yaitu, hasil per plot, bobot per buah, umur panen, kadar gula dalam daging buah, diameter buah, persentase bagian buah yang dapat dikonsumsi, dan ketahanan simpan. Analisis ii karakter kualitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif berdasarkan description for melon dari Union for The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Sedangkan karakter kuantitatif dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA) taraf 5% dan apabila perlakuan berbeda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, telah didapatkan deskripsi singkat karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 6 galur tanaman melon. Galur MH1 dan MH2 memiliki keunggulan pada karakter ketebalan net dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Gracia F1 dan BME-07. MH3 memiliki keunggulan pada karakter bentuk buah dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Gracia F1. MH4 memiliki keunggulan pada karakter bentuk buah, umur panen, dan ketahanan simpan dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Gracia F1. MH5 memiliki keunggulan pada karakter bentuk buah, bobot per buah, dan ketahanan simpan dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Gracia F1. Galur MH4 dan MH5 berpotensi untuk diajukan sebagai calon tetua hibrida karena memiliki banyak karakter unggul dibandingkan varietas pembandingnya.
English Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the horticultural commodity from the Cucurbitaceae family which has been widely developed in Indonesia because it has a wide and varied market share, ranging from traditional markets to modern markets, restaurants and hotels. This has attracted many farmers and taken advantage of this opportunity to intensively cultivate melons in various regions. Farmers' need for melon seeds is in line with the increase in consumers. However, market demand for the type, shape, and color of fruit is not uniform from one region to another. This is influenced by consumer preferences in consuming melons, based on: net, fruit shape, fruit taste, fruit size, and shelf life. The development of new hybrid melon varieties can be one of the solutions in an effort to satisfy consumer tastes for a variety of melons through plant breeding programs. Formation of superior hybrid varieties requires inbred lines that have the desired superior characters as parents through characterization activities. Characterization of melon plants is carried out to describe all plant characters, both qualitative and quantitative characters possessed by melon plants, so that the characterizing characteristics of a genotype can be identified to facilitate the selection of lines that have the potential to be used as parents in the formation of new superior varieties. The aim of this research was to obtain a brief description of the qualitative and quantitative characters of 6 melon plant lines and to determine the melon plant lines which had superior characters, based on: net, fruit shape, fruit taste, fruit size, and shelf life compared to the control varieties. The hypothesis of this research was that there were qualitative and quantitative character differences between 6 melon plant lines and that there were melon plant lines that had superior characters, based on: net, fruit shape, fruit taste, fruit size, and shelf life compared to the comparison varieties. The research was conducted at Green House of CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia located in Manggisari Hamlet, Bocek Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency from February - June 2022. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment of 8 melon genotypes (six melon lines collected by CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia and two comparison varieties), namely MH1, MH2, MH3, MH4, MH5, MH6, MH7, and MH8. The research was carried out in 3 replications, so there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 24 plants, so the maximum plant population size was 576 plants. The qualitative characters observed in this research were leaf pattern, leaf color, leaf lobe development, fruit shape, fruit apex shape, seed color, net density, net thickness, flesh color, and organoleptic. While the quantitative characters observed were yield per plot, fruit weight, harvest age, sugar content in fruit flesh, fruit diameter, percentage of edible fruit parts, and shelf life. Qualitative character analysis was carried out descriptively based on the description for melon from the Union for The Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Meanwhile, quantitative characters were analyzed by analysis of iv variance (ANOVA) at 5% level and if the treatments were significantly different, further tests were carried out using DMRT 5%. Based on the research result, a brief description of the qualitative and quantitative characters of 6 strains of melon plants has been obtained. MH1 and MH2 lines have an advantage in net thickness characters compared to the Gracia F1 and BME-07 comparison variteies. MH3 has an advantage in fruit shape characters compared to the Gracia F1 comparison variety. MH4 has advantages in fruit shape, harvest age, and shelf life compared to the Gracia F1 comparison variety. MH5 has advantages in fruit shape, fruit weight, and shelf life compared to Gracia F1 comparison variety. The MH4 and MH5 lines have the potential to be proposed as potential hybrid parents because they have many superior characters compared to their comparison varieties.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040162 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jun 2023 06:36 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jun 2023 06:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201535 |
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