Faradilla, Sofiyah and Rina Rachmawati,, S.P., M.P., M.Eng (2023) Keanekaragaman Bakteri Terbawa Benih Padi oryza sativa L. Asal Jawa Timur dan Impor Asal Filipina. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produksi padi di Indonesia selama tahun 2021 mengalami penurunan sebanyak 233,91 ribu ton atau 0,43 persen dibandingkan produksi padi di 2020. Lebih dari 50 persen produksi padi di Indonesia disumbangkan oleh pulau Jawa. Faktor penyebab kurang maksimalnya produksi padi salah salah satunya karena kurang tersedianya penggunaan benih padi yang bermutu. Benih sehat harus bebas dari mikroorganisme yang mampu menginfeksi dan menjadi penyebab penyakit tanaman. Patogen terbawa benih mampu menyebabkan kehilangan hasil mencapai lebih dari 5% dan infeksinya mampu mencapai 50%. Mobilitas benih yang sering dan semakin meningkat dari satu bagian dunia ke bagian lain atau dari satu area ke area lain di negara yang sama, benih menjadi media pembawa patogen. Di Indonesia, impor benih padi salah satunya didatangkan dari negara Filipina. Hal ini dikhawatirkan bahwa benih padi impor tersebut membawa organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) dan organisme pengganggu tanaman karantina (OPTK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan keanekaragaman bakteri terbawa benih padi yang berasal dari Jawa Timur dan benih impor asal Filipina. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2022 di Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian (BBKP) Surabaya. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan sampel benih padi yang berasal dari Jawa Timur dan benih padi impor asal Filipina yang diperoleh dari arsip Laboratorium Serologi di Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya. Setelah diperoleh sampel uji, kemudian dilakukan sterilisasi alat dan bahan lalu isolasi bakteri terbawa benih dengan metode penghancuran (liquid assay) dan pengenceran bertingkat. Isolat yang tumbuh dari hasil pengenceran bertingkat tersebut dibedakan berdasarkan morfologinya kemudian dilakukan perhitungan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman bakteri, identifikasi bakteri hasil purifikasi secara morfologi meliputi warna, bentuk, tepi, elevasi, tampilan, dan optikal. Identifikasi secara fisiologi dan biokimia dilakukan agar diperoleh identifikasi bakteri hingga tingkat genus kemudian dilakukan uji hipersensitif ke tanaman tembakau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total isolat bakteri terbawa benih yang diperoleh sebanyak 21 isolat yaitu 10 isolat dari benih padi asal Jawa Timur dan 11 isolat dari benih padi impor asal Filipina. Dari isolat bakteri yang ditemukan, didapatkan 3 genus bakteri pada benih padi asal Jawa Timur dan benih padi impor asal Filipina dengan 2 genus bakteri gram negatif yaitu Erwinia, Pantoea, dan genus bakteri gram positif yaitu Clostridium. Seluruh isolat yang ditemukan bersifat patogen. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kelimpahan bakteri, total kelimpahan bakteri terbawa benih padi impor asal Filipina lebih tinggi dibandingkan benih padi asal Jawa Timur yaitu 94,04 x 109 cfu/ml dan 3,39 x 109 cfu/ml. Sedangkan nilai keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa benih padi asal Jawa Timur memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman bakteri terbawa benih yang lebih tinggi yaitu H’ = 1,598 (sedang) dan H’ = 1,587 (sedang) namun perbedaannya tidak signifikan karena hanya sebesar 0,011.
English Abstract
Rice production in Indonesia during 2021 has decreased by 233.91 thousand tons or 0.43 percent compared to rice production in 2020. More than 50 percent of rice production in Indonesia is contributed by the island of Java. One of the factors causing the lack of maximum rice production is due to the lack of availability of the use of quality rice seeds. Healthy seeds must be free from microorganisms that can infect and cause plant diseases. Seed-borne pathogens can cause yield losses of more than 5% and infections can reach up to 50%. The frequent and increasing mobility of seeds from one part of the world to another or from one area to another within the same country, seeds become a carrier of pathogens. In Indonesia, rice seed imports come from the Philippines. It is feared that the imported rice seeds will carry plant-disturbing organisms (OPT) and quarantine plant-disturbing organisms (OPTK). This study aims to identify and compare the diversity of bacteria carried by rice seeds from East Java and imported seeds from the Philippines. The research was carried out from October to December 2022 at the Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian (BBKP) Surabaya. The research was started by taking samples of rice seeds from East Java and imported rice seeds from the Philippines obtained from the archives of the Serology Laboratory at the Agricultural Quarantine Center in Surabaya. After obtaining the test sample, the tools and materials were sterilized and the bacteria carried by the seeds were isolated using liquid assay and multilevel dilution methods. The isolates grown from the multilevel dilutions were differentiated based on their morphology and then the abundance and diversity of bacteria were calculated. The morphological identification of purified bacteria included color, shape, edge, elevation, appearance, and optically. Physiological and biochemical identification was carried out in order to obtain identification of bacteria up to the genus level, then a hypersensitivity test was carried out on the tobacco plant. The results showed that the total isolates of seed-carrying bacteria obtained were 21 isolates, namely 10 isolates from rice seeds from East Java and 11 isolates from imported rice seeds from the Philippines. From the bacterial isolates found, 3 bacterial genera were found in rice seeds from East Java and imported rice seeds from the Philippines with 2 gram-negative bacterial genera, namely Erwinia, Pantoea, and gram-positive bacterial genera, namely Clostridium. All isolates found were pathogenic. Based on the results of bacteria capture calculations, total capture of imported seeds from the Philippines was higher than rice seeds from East Java, namely 94.04 x 109 cfu/ml and 3.39 x 109 cfu/ml. Meanwhile, the susceptibility value indicated that rice seeds from East Java had a higher level of susceptibility of seed-borne bacteria, namely H' = 1.598 (moderate) and H' = 1.587 (moderate) but the difference was not significant because it was only 0.011.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040158 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jun 2023 03:32 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jun 2023 03:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201513 |
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