Sholihah, Shofiyya Miratus and Kartika Yurlisa,, SP., M.Sc. (2022) Pengaruh Alelopati Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) pada Perkecambahan Benih Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) dan Kangkung (Ipomea reptans Poir). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) adalah tanaman berbentuk perdu yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Kemangi diketahui merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi alelopati. Alelopati adalah suatu gejala kimia dan ekologi yang menunjukkan suatu persaingan pada tumbuhan yang menyebabkan salah satu tumbuhan tersebut menghasilkan senyawa kimia yang dapat menghambat spesies tumbuhan tersebut maupun spesies tumbuhan lain. Kandungan daun kemangi berupa senyawa fenol dan eugenol diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik, produksi tiga jenis sayuran yaitu sawi, bayam dan kangkung merupakan yang paling tinggi diantara yang lainnya pada kurun waktu 2018 hingga 2021. Budidaya ketiga jenis sayuran tersebut umumnya dilakukan secara tumpang sari dengan tanaman kemangi. Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, diharapkan kemangi sebagai alternatif herbisida ramah lingkungan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi alelopati kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) pada perkecambahan biji benih beberapa dayuran daun, yaitu sawi (Brassica juncea L.), bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) dan kangkung (Ipomea reptans Poir.) Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2022 di Laboratorium Sumber Daya Lingkungan, Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah 5 konsentrasi alelopat yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%. Faktor kedua adalah 3 jenis komoditas tanaman yaitu bayam, kangkung dan sawi. Masing masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 45 satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi persentase perkecambahan, panjang hipokotil, panjang radikula, bobot basah dan indeks vigor. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya diuji menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5%. Apabila perlakuan yang menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara ketiga jenis tanaman dengan pemberian konsentrasi alelopati kemangi terhadap variabel pengamatan persentase perkecambahan umur 9 hst, panjang plumula, panjang radikula, bobot basah dan indeks vigor. Sedangkan pada persentase perkecambahan umur 3 hst dan 6 hst tidak ada interaksi. Pemberian konsentrasi alelopati kemangi menunjukkan penurunan pada setiap variabel pengamatan pada peningkatan pemberian konsentrasi alelopati kemangi. Penghambatan mulai terjadi pada pemberian konsentrasi alelopati kemangi sebanyak 25%, dan penghambatan paling tinggi terjadi pada pemberian konsentrasi alelopati kemangi 100% pada semua jenis tanaman. Perbedaan morfologi benih kangkung yang lebih besar mengakibatkan umur berkecambah lebih lama, sehingga hasil pengamatan variabel pada umur 3 hst dan 6 hst lebih kecil dibandingkan jenis tanaman yang lain.
English Abstract
The basil plant (Ocimum basilicum) is a shrub-shaped plant that grows a lot in Indonesia. Basil is known as one of the potential allelopathy plants. Allelopathy is a chemical and ecological phenomenon indicating a competition in plants that causes one of these plants to produce chemical compounds that can inhibit that plant species or other plant species. The content of basil leaves in the form of phenolic and eugenol compounds is known to inhibit plant growth. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, the production of three types of vegetables, namely mustard greens, spinach and kale, was the highest among the others in the period 2018 to 2021. The cultivation of these three types of vegetables is generally carried out in intercropping with basil plants. Based on this information, it is hoped that basil will be an alternative to environmentally friendly herbicides that can be utilized by farmers. This study aims to study the effect of allelopathy concentrations of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on seed germination of several leafy crops, namely mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and water spinach (Ipomea reptans Poir.). The research was conducted from September to October 2022 at the Environmental Resources Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The design used in this study was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the difference in allelopathic concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The second factor is 3 types of commodities, namely spinach, kale and mustard greens. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times, so that there were 45 experimental units. The observed variabels include percentage of germination, hypocotyledonous length, radicula length, wet weight, dry weight and vigour index. The data that has been obtained are then tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5%. If the treatment shows a significant effect, then it is continued with the Honest Significant Difference Test (HSD) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was an interaction between the three types of plants by giving the concentration of basil allelopathy to the observed variables of germination percentation at 9 DAP, plumula length, radicle length, wet weight and vigor index. Whereas in the proportion of germination at 3 DAP and 6 DAP there was no interaction. Giving basil allelopathy concentrations showed a decrease in each observation variable at increasing concentrations of basil allelopathy. Inhibition began to occur when the concentration of 25% basil allelopathy was given, and the highest inhibition occurred when the concentration of 100% basil allelopathy was given to all types of plants. The greater difference in the morphology of the kale seeds resulted in a longer germination period, so that the observed variables at the age of 3 DAP and 6 DAP were smaller than other types of plants.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040623 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jun 2023 03:01 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jun 2023 03:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201503 |
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