Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk Hayati dan Anorganik Terhadap Populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Widayanti, Rissa Sukma Ayu Silvia and Dr. Ir. Yulia Nuraini,, M,S, (2023) Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk Hayati dan Anorganik Terhadap Populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Produksi bawang merah nasional yang semakin tinggi diiringi dengan pemenuhan permintaan yang meningkat oleh masyarakat melalui perluasan lahan tanam dan penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada pertanian konvensional. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kesuburan tanah. Kondisi ini dapat diatasi dengan mengombinasikan antara pupuk anorganik dan pupuk hayati yang mengandung mikroorganisme. Pemanfaatan mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat yang terkandung di dalam pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan fosfat. Beberapa mikroorganisme (bakteri) pelarut fosfat memiliki kemampuan melarutkan fosfat dari bentuk yang tidak larut menjadi tersedia melalui sekresi asam-asam organik sehingga tanaman dapat menyerap unsur P untuk mencukupi kebutuhannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni menganalisis pengaruh berbagai kombinasi dosis aplikasi pupuk hayati dan anorganik terhadap populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat, mengetahui pengaruh berbagai kombinasi dosis aplikasi pupuk hayati dan anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah, dan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai kombinasi dosis aplikasi pupuk hayati dan anorganik terhadap produksi tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian yang terletak di Jatimulyo, Kota Malang dan juga Laboratorium Biologi dan Kimia Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari hingga Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan meliputi perlakuan H0 (Kontrol), H1(100% Pupuk Anorganik), H2 (100% Pupuk Hayati), H3 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 50% Pupuk hayati), H4 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 100% Pupuk hayati), H5 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 150% Pupuk hayati), H6 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 50% Pupuk hayati), H7 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 100% Pupuk hayati), H8 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 150% Pupuk hayati). Dosis 100% Pupuk anorganik terdiri dari rekomendasi dosis urea, SP36, dan KCl sebanyak 150 kg ha-1 dan dosis pupuk ZA sebanyak 400 kg ha-1 . Dosis 100% Pupuk hayati terdiri dari rekomendasi dosis yaitu 6 L ha-1 . Parameter yang diamati meliputi populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF), pH, C-organik, N total, P tersedia, P total, panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, jumlah umbi per rumpun, berat basah umbi dan berat kering umbi. Data yang didapatkan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis ragam yaitu Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) atau uji F taraf 5% dengan aplikasi SPSS. Apabila hasil yang didapatkan pengaruh yang nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Selanjutnya, untuk mencari hubungan dan pengaruh antar parameter dilakukan uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi kombinasi dosis pupuk hayati dan pupuk anorganik memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peningkatan ii populasi BPF, P total, P tersedia, panjang tanaman, berat basah umbi, dan berat umbi kering eskip. Aplikasi perlakuan H8 dan H7 meningkatkan populasi BPF, panjang tanaman, berat basah umbi, berat umbi kering eskip, C-organik, P total, dan P tersedia berkisar antara 16% - 305%. Peningkatan aplikasi dosis pupuk hayati pada perlakuan dengan dosis 50% anorganik (H6, H7, dan H8) dapat meningkatkan populasi BPF, N total, P tersedia, P total, panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah, dan berat kering umbi. Dosis rekomendai 50% pupuk anorganik menunjukkan peningkatan lebih baik daripada dengan dosis 75% pupuk anorganik dapat disebabkan karena salah satu faktor yakni adanya populasi bakteri dari pupuk hayati yang mampu menyediakan unsur hara lebih maksimal pada ketersediaan hara yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, disebabkan kondisi pH yang lebih mendukung untuk hidup sehingga bakteri dapat menyediakan unsur hara N dan P lebih maksimal. Terdapat korelasi positif yang erat sampai sangat erat kuat antara populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat dengan berat basah umbi (r = 0,8257), berat kering umbi (r = 0,9138), populasi bakteri dengan P tersedia (r = 0,872)

English Abstract

The higher national shallot production is accompanied by the fulfillment of increasing demand by the community through the expansion of planting land and the use of inorganic fertilizers in conventional agriculture. Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can lead to a decrease in soil fertility. This condition can be overcome by combining inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers containing microorganisms. Utilization of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms contained in biological fertilizers is one of the efforts to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. Some phosphate-solubling microorganisms (bacteria) have the ability to dissolve phosphate from an insoluble form to become available through the secretion of organic acids so that plants can absorb elemental P to meet their needs. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of various dosage combinations of biological and inorganic fertilizer application on the population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, to determine the effect of various dosage combinations of biological and inorganic fertilizer application on shallot plant growth, and to determine the effect of various dosage combinations of biological and inorganic fertilizer application on production. onion plant. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture located in Jatimulyo, Malang City and also the Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from January to August 2022. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 repetitions covering the treatment H0 (Control), H1 (100% Inorganic Fertilizer), H2 (100% Bio Fertilizer), H3 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% Bio Fertilizer), H4 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 100% Bio Fertilizer ), H5 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 150% Bio Fertilizer), H6 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% Bio Fertilizer), H7 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 100% Bio Fertilizer), H8 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 150% Organic fertiliser). Dosage of 100% inorganic fertilizer consists of recommended doses of urea, SP36, and KCl in the amount of 150 kg ha-1 and the dose of ZA fertilizer in the amount of 400 kg ha-1 . Dosage of 100% Biofertilizer consists of a recommended dose of 6 L ha-1 . Parameters observed included phosphate-dissolving bacteria (BPF) population, pH, C-organic, total N, available P, total P, plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of tubers per clump, fresh weight of tubers and dry weight of tubers. The data obtained was then analyzed for variance, namely the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or the 5% level F test with the SPSS application. If the results obtained have a significant effect, then the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) is carried out. Furthermore, to find the relationship and influence between parameters, correlation and regression tests were carried out. The results of the study showed that the application of combined doses of biological fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing the population of BPF, total P, available P, plant length, tuber fresh weight, and dry tuber weight eskip. The application of H8 and H7 treatments increased the iv BPF population, plant length, tuber fresh weight, dry tuber weight eskip, Corganic, total P, and available P ranged from 16% - 305%. Increasing the application of biological fertilizer doses in treatments with 50% inorganic doses (H6, H7, and H8) can increase the population of BPF, total N, available P, total P, plant length, number of leaves, fresh weight, and tuber dry weight. The recommended dose of 50% inorganic fertilizer shows a better increase than with a dose of 75% inorganic fertilizer. This can be due to one of the factors, namely the presence of a population of bacteria from biological fertilizers that are able to provide maximum nutrients at lower nutrient availability. In addition, due to the more favorable pH conditions for life so that the bacteria can provide the nutrients N and P more optimally. There is a strong to very strong positive correlation between the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and tuber fresh weight (r = 0,8257), tuber dry weight (r = 0,9138), bacterial population with available P (r = 0,872)

Other obstract

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Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: 0523040141
Subjects: 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: PKN 01 UB
Date Deposited: 12 Jun 2023 06:33
Last Modified: 12 Jun 2023 06:33
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201433
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