Chairani Ritonga, Putri and Syahrul Kurniawan,, SP., MP. Ph.D (2022) Serapan Hara, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Penerapan Complex Rice System. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu sumber makanan pokok di Indonesia yang konsumsinya terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan kebutuhan akan beras perlu diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi padi. Beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi antara lain ekstensifikasi dan intensifikasi pertanian seperti penggunaan benih hibrida, pemupukan serta pengendalian hama dan penyakit secara kimia. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada lahan secara terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan dampak negatif. Salah satu usaha untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah dengan pemberian pupuk organik disamping penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas tanaman padi juga dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan Complex Rice System (CRS) atau sistem padi kompleks dimana terdapat integrasi ikan, itik, dan azolla pada sistem padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (a) menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi itik, ikan, dan azolla terhadap serapan hara NPK, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dan (b) Menganalisis hubungan antara serapan hara NPK dengan pertumbuhan dan produksi melalui penerapan CRS. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2021 hingga Juni 2022 di Desa Sukorejo Kecamatan Gondanglegi Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari pupuk organik + ikan, pupuk organik + itik, pupuk organik + azolla, pupuk anorganik + ikan, pupuk anorganik + itik, dan pupuk anorganik + azolla. Parameter yang diamati meliputi komponen vegetatif tanaman seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, dan jumlah daun. Selanjutnya komponen produksi meliputi jumlah anakan produktif, berat gabah basah, berat basah tanaman, berat kering tanaman, dan bobot 100 butir. Serapan hara tanaman dihitung dengan mengukur konsentrasi unsur hara di tanaman (N, P, K) kemudian dikalikan dengan biomassa tanaman. Data diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan R-Studio yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan apabila berpengaruh nyata akan dilanjut menggunakan Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5% serta uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi berbagai perlakuan Complex Rice System memberikan pengaruh nyata (P < 0,05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan produktif, berat basah tanaman, serta serapan hara NPK. Perlakuan P2T1 yaitu penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan aplikasi ikan memberikan nilai serapan nitrogen tertinggi sebesar 2,247 g tanaman- 1, fosfor 0,530 g tanaman-1, dan kalium 1,661 g tanaman-1. Pada komponen vegetatif, serapan nitrogen berhubungan dengan tinggi tanaman dan berkontribusi sebesar 29% pada 10 MST dan 11% pada 16 MST sedangkan serapan fosfor dan kalium tidak berhubungan erat. Serapan NPK tidak berhubungan erat dengan jumlah anakan dan jumlah daun. Pada komponen produksi, serapan nitrogen dan fosfor berhubungan erat dengan jumlah anakan produktif dan berat basah tanaman.
English Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple food sources in Indonesia, having experience in increasing annually due to the increases of population. The increases of rice demand should be followed by the increases in rice production. Many efforts can be applied to increase rice production such as extensification and intensification through the use of hybrid seeds, fertilization and chemical pest and disease control. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers on land can have a negative impact. One of the efforts to improve soil fertility is the application of organic fertilizers in addition to the use of inorganic fertilizers. Efforts to increase the productivity of rice plants can also be done by applying the complex rice system (CRS) where there is integration of fish, ducks, and azolla in the rice system. The aims of this research were (a) to analyze the effect of application of duck, fish, and azolla on NPK nutrient uptake, growth and production of rice plants and (b) to analyze the relationship between NPK nutrient uptake and growth and production through the application of CRS. This research was conducted from October 2021 to June 2022, located in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency, East Java. The method used is the method of Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of organic fertilizer + fish, organic fertilizer + ducks, organic fertilizer + azolla, inorganic fertilizer + fish, inorganic fertilizer + ducks, and inorganic fertilizer + azolla. Parameters observed included plant vegetative components such as plant height, number of tillers, and number of leaves. Furthermore, the production component includes the number of productive tillers, the weight of wet grain, the wet weight of the plant, the dry weight of the plant, and the weight of 100 grains. Plant nutrient uptake was calculated by multiplying nutrient concentration (i.e., N, P, K) with plant biomass. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel and R-Studio which was then analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and if it had a significant effect, it would be continued using the DMRT Test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the 5% level and the correlation test. The results showed that the application of various complex rice system treatments had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, number of productive tillers, wet weight of plants, and nutrient uptake of NPK. P2T1 treatment, namely the use of inorganic fertilizer with fish application, gave the highest nitrogen uptake value of 2.247 g plant-1, phosphorus 0.530 g plant-1, and potassium 1.661 g plant-1. In the vegetative component, nitrogen uptake was related to plant height and contributed 29% at 10 WAP and 11% at 16 WAP, while phosphorus and potassium uptake were not closely related. NPK uptake was not closely related to the number of tillers and number of leaves. In the production component, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were closely related to the number of productive tillers and plant fresh weight.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040615 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jun 2023 01:43 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2023 01:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201376 |
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