Wijayanti, Nur Rahmah and Dr. Ir. Retno Suntari, MS. and Syahrul Kurniawan, SP., MP., Ph.D. (2023) Dampak Kombinasi Pemupukan Tunggal dan Majemuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) serta Kandungan Unsur Hara Alfisol Jatikerto. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia sebagai negara agraris memiliki ordo tanah yang beragam, salah satunya Alfisol. Kecamatan Kromengan memiliki ordo tanah jenis Alfisol yang memiliki karakteristik kaya akan Al dan Fe sehingga menyebabkan kadar unsur hara tanah rendah akibat terhambatnya proses penyerapan unsur hara oleh tanaman. Produksi jagung di Kecamatan Kromengan mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2018 dari 0,97 hingga 3,14 ton per ha per tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi kombinasi pupuk tunggal dan majemuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung, serta kandungan unsur hara tanah alfisol Jatikerto. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2022 hingga bulan Juli 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Agro Techno Park (ATP) Universitas Brawijaya yang beralamat di Dusun Solobekti, Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang. Kegiatan analisis laboratorium dilakukan di Ruang Pengeringan, Fisika Tanah, dan Kimia Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan penelitian berupa perlakuan pupuk tunggal (Urea, SP-36, KCl) dan perlakuan pupuk majemuk (Ca-Mg-Na-Si) yang terdiri dari G0 (Kontrol (tanpa pemupukan)), G1 (100% PT), G2 (100% PT + 100% PM), G3 (75% PT + 50% PM), G4 (75% PT + 75% PM), G5 (75% PT + 100% PM), G6 (75% PT + 125% PM), G7 (75% PT + 150% PM), dan G8 (75% PT + 200% PM). Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter tanaman dan tanah. Parameter tanaman meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, berat basah tongkol per tanaman, berat kering tongkol per tanaman, jumlah baris biji per tongkol, berat 1000 biji, dan berat total tongkol per petak dan per ha. Parameter tanah meliputi tekstur, pH tanah (aktual dan potensial), N total, P tersedia, K-dd, dan Ca-dd. Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of variance) dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) dengan taraf 5% menggunakan software RStudio. Aplikasi kombinasi pupuk tunggal (urea, SP-36, KCl) dan pupuk majemuk (Ca-Mg-Na-Si) pada perlakuan G2 (100% PT + 100% PM) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada beberapa parameter meliputi tinggi tanaman (9 MST), jumlah daun (7 MST), diameter batang (9 MST), juga meningkatkan parameter produksi berupa berat kering per tanaman dan berat tongkol per petak maupun berat tongkol per ha. Aplikasi kombinasi pupuk tunggal dan majemuk dapat mempertahankan kriteria pH tanah pada kriteria masam, mempertahankan kriteria residu hara berupa P tersedia tanah dan Ca-dd tetap pada kelas sangat tinggi, dan meningkatkan residu K-dd dari kriteria sedang menjadi sangat tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan tanah awal. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan G2 (100% PT + 100% PM) dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung serta unsur hara Alfisol Jatikerto.
English Abstract
Indonesia as an agricultural country has various soil orders, one of which is Alfisol. Kromengan District has a soil order of the Alfisol type which has characteristics rich in Al and Fe, causing low soil nutrient levels due to inhibition of the absorption of nutrients by plants. Maize production in Kromengan District has fluctuated from 2013 to 2018 from 0.97 to 3.14 tonnes per ha per year. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of a combination of single and compound fertilizers on the growth and production of corn plants, as well as the soil nutrient content of Jatikerto alfisols. Research activities were carried out from January 2022 to July 2022 at the Agro Techno Park Experimental Garden (ATP) Universitas Brawijaya which is located in Solobekti Hamlet, Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency. Laboratory analysis activities were carried out in the Drying Room, Soil Physics and Soil Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. The research design used was a randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments with 3 repetitions. The research treatment was in the form of single fertilizer treatment (Urea, SP-36, KCl) and compound fertilizer treatment (Ca-Mg-Na-Si) consisting of G0 (Control (without fertilization)), G1 (100% PT), G2 (100 % PT + 100% PM), G3 (75% PT + 50% PM), G4 (75% PT + 75% PM), G5 (75% PT + 100% PM), G6 (75% PT + 125% PM ), G7 (75% PT + 150% PM), and G8 (75% PT + 200% PM). Parameters observed included plant and soil parameters. Plant parameters included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight of cobs per plant, dry weight of cobs per plant, number of seed rows per cob, weight of 1000 seeds, and total cob weight per plot and per hectare. Soil parameters include texture, soil pH (actual and potential), total N, available P, soil exchangeable K and Ca. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and further testing was carried out using the DMRT Test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with a level of 5% using software Rstudio. The application of a combination of single fertilizer (urea, SP-36, KCl) and compound fertilizer (Ca-Mg-Na-Si) in the G2 treatment (100% PT + 100% PM) can increase the growth of maize in several parameters including plant height (9 weeks after application / WAP), number of leaves (7 WAP), stem diameter (9 WAP), also increased production parameters in the form of dry weight per plant, cob weight per plot and cob weight per ha. The application of a combination of single and compound fertilizers can maintain the criteria for soil pH at acid criteria, maintain the criteria for nutrient residues in the form of available soil P and soil exchangeable Ca remain in the very high class, and increase the soil exchangeable K residue from medium to very high criteria when compared to the initial soil. The best treatment was in the G2 treatment (100% PT + 100% PM) in increasing the growth and production of corn plants and Alfisol Jatikerto nutrients.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040117 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jun 2023 06:29 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jun 2023 06:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201335 |
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