Pamungkas, Nirmala Dewi and Dr. Ir. Yulia Nuraini, MS. and Syahrul Kurniawan, SP., MP., Ph.D. (2023) Aplikasi Kombinasi Pupuk Hayati dan Anorganik Terhadap Populasi Bakteri Penambat N, Ketersediaan N Tanah serta Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Jeruk Siam Pontianak (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Terjadinya fluktuasi produktivitas jeruk siam dari tahun 2013-2017 berkisar antara 32,15-41,79 ton/ha menjadi salah satu penanda bahwa tanaman jeruk siam memiliki produktivitas yang tidak stabil. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena ketersediaan hara yang tidak seimbang pada tanaman, sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hara tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan pemupukan, salah satunya penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang dilakukan secara terus menerus dengan dosis yang berlebih dapat menyebabkan penurunan kesuburan tanah. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari penggunaan pupuk anorganik, maka alternatif yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan pupuk hayati, namun dalam penggunaan pupuk hayati tidak sepenuhnya dapat menggantikan ketersediaan unsur hara yang diberikan pupuk anorganik, sehingga dalam pengaplikasiannya dapat dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dari aplikasi kombinasi pupuk hayati dan anorganik terhadap populasi bakteri penambat N non-simbiotik, ketersediaan N tanah, pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jeruk dan bobot biomassa kering. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bakteri penambat N non-simbiotik dan ketersediaan N tanah, hubungan antara ketersediaan N tanah dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jeruk, serta hubungan antara ketersediaan N tanah dan bobot biomassa kering tanaman jeruk. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2022 yang dilaksanakan di tiga tempat, yaitu Screen House yang terletak di Jatimulyo untuk kegiatan perawatan dan pengamatan tanaman jeruk, Laboratorium Kimia dan Laboratorium Biologi Tanah, Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya untuk kegiatan analisis laboratorium. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang diterapkan terdiri dari J0 (Tanpa Pupuk atau Kontrol), J1 (100% Pupuk Anorganik), J2 (100% Pupuk Anorganik + 100% Pupuk Hayati), J3 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 50% Pupuk Hayati), J4 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 100% Pupuk Hayati), J5 (75% Pupuk Anorganik + 150% Pupuk Hayati), J6 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 50% Pupuk Hayati), J7 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 100% Pupuk Hayati), J8 (50% Pupuk Anorganik + 150% Pupuk Hayati) dengan dosis 100% pupuk anorganik sebesar 21,7 g Urea/tanaman/polybag, 27,8 g SP36/tanaman/polybag, 91,7 g KCl/tanaman/polybag dan dosis 100% pupuk hayati sebesar 0,13 g/200 mL/polybag. Pengamatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu meliputi tanah dan tanaman. Adapun parameter yang diamati terdiri dari kimia tanah (C-organik, pH tanah, N-total, NH4+, NO3-), biologi tanah (populasi bakteri penambat N non-simbiotik) yang diamati pada saat awal (sebelum pindah tanam) dan 14 Minggu Setelah Pindah Tanam (MSPT), serta pertumbuhan tanaman (panjang tunas, jumlah daun, diameter tunas) yang diamati pada 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 MSPT dan biomassa (bobot kering) yang diamati pada 24 MSPT. Dari data yang diperoleh, dilakukan uji F taraf 5% yang dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT taraf 5%, korelasi dan regresi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, perlakuan kombinasi pupuk hayati dan anorganik memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan terbaik didapat pada perlakuan 50% pupuk anorganik + 150% pupuk hayati (J8), dikarenakan dapat memberikan hasil tertinggi pada populasi bakteri penambat N non-simbiotik dengan total populasi 54 × 106 CFU/g, NH4+ sebesar 117,09 ppm, dan NO3- sebesar 630 ppm, serta menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman tertinggi dari 4 MSPT hingga 14 MSPT dengan rata-rata peningkatan panjang tunas sebesar 84,84%, jumlah daun 97,90%, dan diameter tunas 56,25%. Kemudian perlakuan J8 juga menghasilkan bobot biomassa kering tertinggi dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 53,46%. Dari hasil korelasi yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara populasi bakteri penambat N non-simbiotik dengan ketersediaan N tanah (r = 0,738). Selain itu, hasil korelasi dengan hubungan yang kuat hingga sangat kuat ditemui pada ketersediaan N tanah dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman panjang tunas (r = 0,672), jumlah daun (r = 0,722), dan diameter tunas (r = 0,855), serta menghasilkan hubungan yang kuat antara ketersediaan N tanah dan bobot biomassa kering (r = 0,607).
English Abstract
The occurrence of fluctuations in Siam oranges productivity from 2013-2017 ranging from 32,15-41,79 tons/ha is one of the signs that Siam orange plants have unstable productivity. This can happen due to the unbalanced availability of nutrients in plants, so meeting the nutrient needs of plants can be done by fertilization, one of which is the use of inorganic fertilizers. The use of inorganic fertilizers that are not appropriately dosed and carried out continuously can be bad for soil fertility. To reduce the negative impact of the use of inorganic fertilizers, the alternative that can be done is to utilize biological fertilizers but the use of biological fertilizers cannot completely replace the availability of nutrients provided by inorganic fertilizers, so that in their application can be combined with inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of the application of a combination of biological and inorganic fertilizers on the population of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the availability of soil nitrogen, the vegetative growth of orange plants, and dry weight biomass. As well as knowing the correlation between non-symbiotic N-fixing bacteria and the availability of soil nitrogen, knowing the correlation between N availability and vegetative growth of orange plants, as well as knowing the correlation between N availability and dry weight of orange plant biomass. This research runs from January to August 2022 and was carried out in three places, namely the Screen House located in Jatimulyo for orange plant care and observation activities, as well as laboratory analysis activities will be carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 4 repeats. The treatment applied consists of J0 (No Fertilizer or Control), J1 (100% Inorganic Fertilizer), J2 (100% Inorganic Fertilizer + 100% Biological Fertilizer), J3 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% Biological Fertilizer), J4 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 100% Biological Fertilizer), J5 (75% Inorganic Fertilizer + 150% Biological Fertilizer), J6 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 50% Biological Fertilizer), J7 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 100% Biological Fertilizer), J8 (50% Inorganic Fertilizer + 150% Biological Fertilizer) with a dose of 100% inorganic fertilizer of 21,7 g Urea/plant/polybag, 27,8 g SP36/plant/polybag, 91,7 g KCl/plant/polybag and a dose of 100% biological fertilizer of 0,13 g/200 mL/ polybag. The observations made in this study, include soil and plant growth. The parameters observed consisted of soil chemistry (C-organic, soil pH, N-total, NH4+, NO3-), soil biology (population of non-symbiotic N-fixing bacteria) which were observed at the beginning (before transplanting) and 14 weeks after moving plant (MSPT), as well as plant growth (length of shoots, number of leaves, diameter of shoots), was observed at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 MSPT, and biomassa (dry weight) was observed at 24 MSPT. From the data obtained, a 5% level F test was carried out, followed by a 5% DMRT test, correlation, and regression. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the combination treatment of biological and inorganic fertilizers has a significant effect on the observed parameters. The best treatment was obtained in the treatment of 50% inorganic fertilizer + 150% biological fertilizer (J8) because it can give the highest results in the population of non-symbiotic N-fixing bacteria with a total population of 54 × 106 CFU/g, NH4+ of 117,09 ppm, and NO3- of 630 ppm, and produced the best plant growth from 4 MSPT until 14 MSPT with an average increase in shoot length of 84,84%, number of leaves 97,90%, and shoot diameter of 56,25%. Then the J8 treatment also produced the highest dry biomass weight an average increase of 53,46%. Then, the correlation results showed that there was a significant correlation between the population of non-symbiotic N-fixing bacteria and the availability of soil N (r = 0,738). In addition, the correlation results with a significant until very significant correlation were found in soil N availability and plant vegetative growth, including shoot length (r = 0,672), the number of leaves (r = 0,722), and shoot diameter (r = 0,855), as well as producing a significant correlation between N availability and dry weight biomass (r = 0,607).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040114 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jun 2023 03:33 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jun 2023 03:33 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201309 |
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