Ardhi, Muhammad Surya and Prof. Dr. Ir. Ludji Pantja Astuti, MS. (2023) Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Populasi Serangga Hama Pascapanen di Gudang Bulog Baru (GBB) Kejapanan Perum Bulog Kantor Cabang Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hama pascapanen merupakan serangga yang menyerang komoditas pangan sejak panen, pengolahan, dan pada saat penyimpanan di dalam gudang penyimpanan. Beragam serangga hama pascapanen dapat menginfestasi beras yang berada di gudang seperti Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Cryptolestes pusillus, dan Sitotroga cerealella. Serangga hama pasca panen memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi pada lingkungan gudang yang kering, suhu relatif tinggi, dan kelembapan udara rendah. Penyimpanan komoditas dalam kurun waktu yang lama dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan fluktuasi populasi hama pascapanen di gudang. Hama pascapanen yang menginfestasi beras di gudang akan terus mengakibatkan kerusakan jika tidak dilakukan tindakan pengendalian. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pengendalian yang tepat untuk mengendalikan serangga hama pascapanen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga hama yang menginfestasi beras di GBB Kejapanan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi mengenai jenis serangga hama yang menginfestasi pada komoditas beras di GBB Kejapanan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam upaya pengendalian serta perawatan komoditas beras agar meminimalisir adanya kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas beras yang disebabkan oleh serangga hama pascapanen. Penelitian dilakukan di gudang beras milik Perum Bulog Kantor Cabang (Kancab) Malang, di Gudang Bulog Baru (GBB) Kejapanan, Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur pada bulan September hingga Desember 2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pemasangan perangkap dan pengambilan sampel beras. Pemasangan perangkap dilakukan setiap minggu selama 8 kali pengamatan. Perangkap yang dipasang di GBB Kejapanan terdiri dari perangkap cahaya ultraviolet (light traps), perangkap jatuhan (pitfall traps), dan perangkap umpan (bait traps). Sementara itu, sampel beras didapat dari pengambilan di stapel dan ceceran beras. Pengambilan sampel beras dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali masing-masing sebanyak 100 g dengan interval waktu 1 minggu sekali. Serangga yang ditemukan selama pengamatan diidentifikasi menggunakan buku identifikasi dan dihitung populasinya. Data populasi yang diperoleh dianalisis indeks keanekaragaman (H’) Shanon-Wiener dan indeks dominansi (D) Simpson. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk analisis data ialah R. statistics versi 4.2.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 serangga hama pascapanen yang menginfestasi beras di GBB Kejapanan, meliputi Cryptolestes pusillus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), Ephestia elutella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), dan Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Kelimpahan populasi serangga hama pascapanen yang ditemukan di GBB Kejapanan berpola fluktuatif dari minggu pertama hingga minggu kedelapan pengamatan. Kelimpahan populasi hama pascapanen dari tinggi ke rendah secara berturut-turut ialah C. pusillus, T. castaneum, E. elutella, E. cautella, E. kuehniella, dan S. oryzae. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) ialah 0,168 yang berarti bahwa keanekaragaman serangga hama pascapanen di GBB Kejapanan tergolong rendah dan indeks dominansi ialah 0,941 yang berarti bahwa dominansi spesies hama pascapanen di GBB Kejapanan tergolong tinggi dan terdapat satu spesies yang mendominasi, yaitu C. pusillus.
English Abstract
Stored product pests are insect that attack food commodities from harvest, processing, and during storage in storage warehouses. Various stored product pests can infect rice in the storage, such as S. oryzae, T. castaneum, R. dominica, C. pusillus, dan S. cerealella . Stored product insect pests have the ability to adapt to dry warehouse environments, relatively high temperatures, and low humidity. Commodity storage for a long time can affect the diversity and fluctuation of stored product pest populations in storage. Stored product pests that infect rice in warehouses will continue to cause damage if control measures are not taken. Therefore, an appropriate control strategy is needed to control stored product pests. The research aims to determine the diversity of insect pests that infest rice in the GBB Kejapanan. The research results are expected to be able to provide information about the species of insect pests that infest rice commodities in GBB Kejapanan, so that it can be used as a reference in efforts to control and treat rice commodities in order to minimize damage and decrease in rice quality caused by stored product pests. The research was conducted in rice storage belonging to Bulog Branch Office Malang, at the Rice Storage of Bulog Baru (GBB) Kejapanan, Pasuruan Regency, East Java from September to December 2022. The research was conducted by setting traps and taking rices sampling. The traps set at GBB Kejapanan consist of light traps, pitfall, and bait traps. Meanwhile, rice samples were taken from staples and scattered rice. Rice sampling was carried out 4 times for 100 g each with an interval of one week. The insects found during the observation were identified using identification books and the population of insect was counted. The population data obtained were analyzed for the diversity index (H') Shanon-Wiener and dominance index (D) Simpson. The software used for data analysis was R. statistics version 4.2.0. The results showed that there were 6 stored product pests that infested rice in GBB Kejapanan, including Cryptolestes pusillus, Ephestia elutella, E. kuehniella, E. cautella, T. castaneum, and S. oryzae. The abundance of stored product pest found in Kejapanan GBB was fluctuated from the first to the eighth week of observation. The population of stored product pests from high to low was C. pusillus, T. castaneum, E. elutella, E. cautella, E. kuehniella, and S. oryzae, respectively. Based on the results showed that the value of the diversity index (H') was 0.168 which means that the diversity of stored product pests in GBB Kejapanan was low and dominance index was 0.941, which means that the dominance of stored product pest in the GBB Kejapanan was high and there was one species that dominated, namely C. pusillus.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040107 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jun 2023 08:37 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jun 2023 08:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201237 |
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