Mahfud, Muhammad Afif and Dr. Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro, MS. and Fery Abdul Choliq, SP., MP., M.Sc. (2023) Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Terhadap Patogen Cercospora sp. Penyembab Bercak Daun Cabai Secara In-Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tanaman obat yang beragam. Salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai kandungan senyawa anti mikroba adalah tanaman sirih. Salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai adalah penyakit bercak daun cabai yang disebabkan oleh jamur Cercospora sp. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur Cercospora dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil sekitar 32-44%. Selama ini kebanyakan petani di Indonesia menggunakan Fungisida sintetis dalam mengendalikan penyakit-penyakit tanaman. Penggunaan fungisida sintetis yang terus menerus akan berdampak buruk bagi petani maupun lingkungan. Terdapat cara alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan penggunakan fungisida nabati dari ekstrak daun sirih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dan seberapa banyak konsentrasi yang dibutuhkan ekstrak daun sirih dalam menekan jamur patogen Cercospora sp. secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September – Oktober 2022 di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian dan Fakultas Kedokteran. Penelitian menggunakan perlakuan berupa kontrol, konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 30.000 ppm, konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 50.000 ppm, konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 100.000 ppm, konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 150.000 ppm dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih 200.000 ppm. Pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa identifikasi jamur Cercospora sp., uji penapisan senyawa metabolit sekunder, uji sebab akibat ekstrak daun sirih, persentase daya hambat, laju pertumbuhan koloni jamur dan perhitungan biomassa miselium. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih memiliki senyawasenyawa yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur Cercospora sp. Dimana senyawa-senyawa tersebut berupa senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid dan tanin. Senyawa tersebut mampu mempengaruhi hifa jamur Cercospora sp. pada pengamatan secara mikroskopis. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diberikan akan menurunkan laju pertumbuhan, persentase daya hambat dan biomassa jamur Cercospora sp. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirih dengan perlakuan 200.000 ppm mempunyai hasil yang cukup efektif pada pengamatan persentasi daya hambat jamur yaitu didapatkan persentase penghambatan sebesar 41%.
English Abstract
Indonesia is a country with various medicinal plants. One of the medicinal plants that contain anti-microbial compounds is the betel plant. One of the important diseases that attack chili plants is chili leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus Cercospora sp. Diseases caused by the fungus Cercospora can result in yield losses of around 32–44%. So far, most farmers in Indonesia use synthetic fungicides to control plant diseases. The continuous use of synthetic fungicides will have a negative impact on farmers and the environment. There is an alternative way that is more environmentally friendly, namely by using a vegetable fungicide made from betel leaf extract. This study aims to examine the effect of betel leaf extract and how much concentration is needed to suppress the pathogenic fungus Cercospora sp. in vitro. The research was carried out in September–October 2022 at the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Faculty of Medicine. The study used a control treatment with a betel leaf extract concentration of 30,000 ppm, a betel leaf extract concentration of 50,000 ppm, a betel leaf extract concentration of 100,000 ppm, a betel leaf extract concentration of 150,000 ppm, and a betel leaf extract concentration of 200,000 ppm. Observations were made in the form of identification of the fungus Cercospora sp., screening tests for secondary metabolites, causation tests for betel leaf extract, percentages of inhibition, growth rates of fungal colonies, and calculations of mycelium biomass. The results showed that betel leaf extract has compounds that can suppress the growth of the fungus Cercospora sp. These compounds are found in the form of alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. These compounds were able to affect the fungal hyphae of Cercospora sp. on microscopic observation. The higher the concentration given, the lower the growth rate, percentage of inhibition, and biomass of the fungus Cercospora sp. Giving betel leaf extract with a treatment of 200,000 ppm has quite effective results in observing the percentage of fungal inhibition, namely obtaining an inhibition percentage of 41%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040597 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jun 2023 07:26 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jun 2023 07:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201218 |
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