Potensi Cendawan Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Hama Diaphorina citri Kuw. pada Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus sp.)

Mardhotillah, Hadzfina and Rina Rachmawati, S.P., M.P., M.Eng. (2023) Potensi Cendawan Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Hama Diaphorina citri Kuw. pada Tanaman Jeruk (Citrus sp.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kutu loncat Diaphorina citri merupakan salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman jeruk. Produksi jeruk di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah berkisar 8,6-15 ton/ha/tahun, sedangkan di daerah produsen pertama jeruk dunia daerah subtropik dapat mencapai 40 ton/ha/tahun. Penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang kurang kompatibel dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resurjensi dan resistensi pada populasi hama dan memunculkan hama sekunder (Hendrival et al., 2017). Usaha mengurangi insektisida kimia dalam mengendalikan hama tanaman jeruk dapat menggunakan sistem Pengendalian Hama terpadu (PHT) (Prayogo et al., 2005). Salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang berpotensi menjadi agens pengendali hayati yakni Beauveria bassiana. Cendawan tersebut dilaporkan sangat selektif dalam mengendalikan beberapa serangga dari ordo Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, dan Diptera. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Desember 2022 di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro), Kota Batu. Penelitian terdiri dari uji patogenisitas cendawan B. bassiana dengan identifikasi melalui uji postulat koch. Parameter pengamatan meliputi mortalitas hama D. citri, waktu kematian hama D. citri, dan gejala kematian D. citri. Analisa probit dengan menghitung LC50 dan LT50 terhadap cendawan B. bassiana. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut adalah kontrol menggunakan akuades, 1 x 106, 1 x 107, dan 1 x 108 konidia/ml akuades dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Metode aplikasi yang digunakan yaitu kontak langsung. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila pada perlakuan didapat hasil berbeda nyata, maka dilakukan dengan uji lanjutan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala kematian hama D. citri setelah diaplikasikan cendawan B. bassiana yaitu pergerakan menjadi lambat, dan berlangsung mengalami kematian. Kematian ditandai dengan perubahan warna menjadi lebih gelap dan pada sebagian hama muncul miselium yang menyelimuti bagian tubuh D. citri. Cendawan B. bassiana dengan kerapatan 1 x 108 konidia/ml akuades menunjukkan mortalitas terhadap hama D. citri paling tinggi dengan patogenisitas tinggi terhadap hama D. citri. Aplikasi cendawan B. bassiana mampu mematikan 50% imago D. citri pada konsentrasi kerapatan 3,76 x 106 konidia/ml akuades. Nilai LT50 paling rendah yaitu pada kerapatan 1 x 108 konidia/ml akuades sebesar 6,09 hari (146 jam 16 menit). Waktu kematian yang paling rendah juga terdapat pada kerapatan 1 x 108 konidia/ml akuades yaitu 2,33 hari. Identifikasi hasil uji postulat koch menunjukkan bahwa cendawan yang mematikan hama D. citri pada uji patogenisitas yaitu B. bassiana.

English Abstract

Diaphorina citri is a pest that attacks citrus plants. Citrus production in Indonesia is still relatively low, ranging from 8.6 to 15 tonne/ha/year, while in the subtropical regions of the world's first citrus producers, it can reach 40 tons/ha/year. The use of synthetic insecticides that are not compatible can lead to a resurgence and resistance in pest populations and the emergence of secondary pests (Hendrival et al., 2017). Efforts to reduce the use of chemical insecticides in controlling citrus pests can use an integrated pest management (IPM) system (Prayogo et al., 2005). One of the entomopathogenic fungi that have the potential to become a biological control agent is Beauveria bassiana. The fungus was reported to be highly selective in controlling several insects from the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, and Diptera. This research was carried out in September–December 2022 at the Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute (Balitjestro), Batu City. The study consisted of a pathogenicity test of the fungus B. bassiana with identification through the Koch Postulate test. Parameters observed included mortality of D. citri, time of death of D. citri, and symptoms of death of D. citri. Probit analysis by calculating LC50 and LT50 for the fungus B. bassiana. The treatment used in this study was a control using distilled water: 1 x 106, 1 x 107, and 1 x 108 conidia/ml of distilled water, with each treatment, repeated three times. The application method used is direct contact. data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the treatment results are significantly different, then a follow-up test is carried out with a least significant difference (LSD) at an error level of 5%. The results showed that the symptoms of D. citri death after the application of the B. bassiana fungus were slow movement and continued to death. Death is marked by a darker discoloration and in some pests the appearance of mycelium covering the body of D. citri. The fungus B. bassiana with a density of 1 x 108 conidia/ml distilled water showed the highest mortality against D. citri pests with high pathogenicity against D. citri pests. The application of fungus B. bassiana was able to kill 50% of D. citri imago at a density concentration of 3.76 x 106 conidia/ml of distilled water. The lowest LT50 value was at a density of 1 x 108 conidia/ml distilled water of 6.09 days (146 hours 16 minutes). The lowest death time was also found at a density of 1 x 108 conidia/ml of distilled water, namely 2.33 days. Identification of the results of the Koch postulate test showed that the fungus that killed the pest D. citri in the pathogenicity test was B. bassiana.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523040100
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	PKN 01 UB
Date Deposited:	08 Jun 2023 07:06
Last Modified:	08 Jun 2023 07:06
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201205

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