Baityningrum, Marsha and Luqman Qurata Aini, SP., M. Si., Ph.D and Antok Wahyu Sektiono, SP., M. (2023) Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Jamur Endofit pada Tanaman Brokoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica) Di Lahan Organik dan Konvensional serta Potensi Antagonisnya terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun (Alternaria brassicicola). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produksi brokoli di Indonesia masih terhambat, salah satunya disebabkan oleh serangan patogen Alternaria brassicicola yang menyebabkan penyakit bercak daun pada tanaman brokoli. Pengendalian di lapang masih bergantung pada pengaplikasian fungisida sintetik secara intensif yang berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Salah satu solusi yang mulai banyak diterapkan untuk menciptakan pertanian ramah lingkungan, yaitu penerapan sistem pertanian organik. Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan mirkrooganisme sangat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, salah satunya jamur endofit. Jamur endofit hidup dalam jaringan tanaman dan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi tanaman inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan jamur endofit pada daun brokoli di lahan organik dan konvensional serta potensi antagonisnya terhadap penyakit bercak daun (Alternaria brassicicola). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan februari hingga oktober 2022. Sampel daun tanaman brokoli diambil pada lahan organik perkebunan Lily Harvest, Punten, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Batu, dan lahan konvensional di lahan petani brokoli (Bapak Nardi), Desa Sumber Brantas, Batu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, yaitu (1) penelusuran budidaya tanaman brokoli pada lahan organik dan konvensional. (2) eksplorasi jamur endofit daun brokoli pada lahan organik dan konvensional dan penyakit bercak daun A. brassicicola. (3) seleksi jamur endofit yang berpotensi antagonis terhadap A. brassicicola. (4) pengujian antagonis jamur endofit terhadap patogen A. brassicicola. (5) identifikasi dan karakterisasi jamur endofit daun brokoli hasil seleksi yang berpotensi antagonis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan jumlah ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada lahan organik lebih besar, yaitu 1,48 yang termasuk kategori sedang. Sedangkan lahan konvensional sebesar 0,83 yang termasuk kategori rendah. Kelimpahan jamur endofit pada lahan organik lebih tinggi dari lahan konvensional, yaitu sebesar 31,29 × 101 cfu/g berat sampel daun, dan pada lahan konvensional sebesar 25,44 × 101 cfu/g berat sampel daun. Hasil seleksi dan identifikasi terdapat 6 jamur endofit daun brokoli yang berpotensi antagonis dari kedua lahan. Dari lahan konvensional meliputi Aspergillus sp. KvDBrP2_10, Penicillium sp. KvDBrP1_3, dan Rhizoctonia sp. KvDBrP3_14. Sedangkan dari lahan organik yaitu Penicillium sp. OrDBrP1_2, Penicillium sp. OrDBrP2_14, dan Fusarium sp. OrDBrP3_25. Jamur yang memiliki kemampuan daya hambat terbaik yaitu Penicillium sp. OrDBrP2_14 dari lahan organik, dengan rerata persentase daya hambat sebesar 65,80% dan jamur Penicillium sp. KvDBrP1_3 dengan rerata persentase daya hambat sebesar 59,01% terhadap A. brassicicola.
English Abstract
Broccoli production in Indonesia is still hampered, one of which is caused by the attack of the pathogen Alternaria brassicicola which causes leaf spot disease on broccoli plants. Control in the field still relies on the intensive application of synthetic fungicides which have a negative impact on the environment. One solution that has begun to be widely applied to create environmentally friendly agriculture is the application of an organic farming system. The diversity and abundance of micro-organisms is very useful in increasing plant productivity, one of which is endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi live in plant tissues and have many benefits for their host plants. This study aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi on broccoli leaves in organic and conventional fields and their potential antagonists against leaf spot disease (Alternaria brassicicola). The study was carried out from February to October 2022. Samples of broccoli plant leaves were taken from Lily Harvest organic plantation, Punten, Bumiaji District, Batu, and conventional land from broccoli farmer (Mr. Nardi), Sumber Brantas Village, Batu. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The research was conducted in several stages, namely (1) tracing broccoli cultivation on organic and conventional land. (2) Exploration of broccoli leaf endophytic fungi on organic and conventional soil and A. brassicicola leaf spot disease. (3) Absorption of endophytic fungi that have the potential to be antagonistic to A. brassicicola. (4) Endophytic fungal antagonist testing against A. brassicicola pathogen. (5) assisting and characterizing broccoli leaf endophytic fungi that have the potential to be antagonistic. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four repetitions. The results of the study showed that the diversity index of endophytic fungi in organic land was greater, namely 1.48 which was included in the medium category. While conventional land is 0.83 which is included in the low category. The abundance of endophytic fungi on organic land was higher than conventional land, which was 31,29 × 101 cfu/g leaf sample weight, and in conventional land it was 25,44 × 101 cfu/g leaf sample weight. The results of the selection and identification showed 6 endophytic fungi of broccoli leaf that had antagonistic potential from both fields. From conventional land including Aspergillus sp. KvDBrP2_10, Penicillium sp. KvDBrP1_3, and Rhizoctonia sp. KvDBrP3_14. Meanwhile, from organic land, namely Penicillium sp. OrDBrP1_2, Penicillium sp. OrDBrP2_14, and Fusarium sp. OrDBrP3_25. The fungus that has the best inhibitory ability is Penicillium sp. OrDBrP2_14 from organic land, with an average inhibition percentage of 65.80% and Penicillium sp. KvDBrP1_3 with an average percentage of inhibition of 59.01% against A. brassicicola.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040591 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jun 2023 02:50 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Feb 2024 04:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201158 |
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