Mufarrahah, Laili and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Rahayu Utami, M.Sc. and Arrohmatus Syafaqoh Li’aini, M.Sc., M.P. (2023) Kajian Sifat Tanah pada Berbagai Kerapatan Tumbuhan Invasif Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth. di Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali (KRE) merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi tumbuhan ex situ yang rentan terhadap adanya ancaman dan gangguan, salah satunya ialah keberadaan tumbuhan invasif. Tumbuhan invasif merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh di luar habitat aslinya dengan tingkat adaptasi dan reproduksi tinggi, serta tingkat penyebaran cepat. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Asteraceae) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan invasif yang terdapat di KRE. Faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat invasi tumbuhan ditentukan oleh propagul, abiotik (iklim dan edafik), biotik dan besar kecilnya interaksi ketiga faktor tersebut. Keberadaan tumbuhan invasif dapat menekan pertumbuhan tumbuhan lokal, seperti keberadaan Acacia nilotica di Kawasan Taman Nasional Baluran mengakibatkan populasi berbagai jenis rumput berkurang. Tumbuhan invasif dapat memengaruhi pH, C-organik, N, P, dan K serta kelembapan tanah. Invasi tumbuhan dapat berpengaruh positif, negatif dan netral terhadap kesuburan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi invasi M. hibiscifolia dan dampak M. hibiscifolia terhadap kesuburan tanah serta pertumbuhan tumbuhan asosiasi yang termasuk tumbuhan lokal di KRE. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KRE pada bulan September 2021 s.d April 2022. Metode penentuan titik pengamatan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan plot berukuran 10 m x 10 m. Pengambilan biomassa tumbuhan M. hibiscifolia, tumbuhan asosiasi dan serasah menggunakan metode destructive sampling (pemanenan). Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari kerapatan dan kandungan hara M. hibiscifolia, Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tumbuhan, persentase suku, marga dan status invasi tumbuhan asosiasi, kondisi iklim, karakteristik sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, biomassa serta serasah tumbuhan. Data pengamatan dianalisis korelasi dan regresi, serta analisis biplot untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kerapatan M. hibiscifolia. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji sidik ragam pada taraf nyata 5% dengan ANOVA One-way dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) 5% sehingga diketahui pengaruh tumbuhan invasif terhadap kesuburan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa M. hibiscifolia umumnya tumbuh di sekitar aliran air dengan INP sebesar 74,58%. Persentase suku tumbuhan asosiasi terbesar ialah Asteraceae 47,01% dan marga terbesar ialah Ageratina 42,84% serta tumbuhan asosiasi yang termasuk tumbuhan invasif ialah 12,77%. Pengaruh beberapa faktor terhadap masing-masing kerapatan menunjukkan bahwa M. hibiscifolia pada kerapatan rendah berkorelasi positif dengan kelembapan tanah, kecepatan angin dan intensitas cahaya, walaupun korelasi tidak begitu kuat. Kandungan P-tersedia, K-tersedia, N-total, suhu udara dan C-organik tanah berkorelasi positif dan kuat dengan M. hibiscifolia pada kerapatan tinggi. Tumbuhan M. hibiscifolia pada kerapatan sedang berkorelasi negatif dengan pH, walaupun korelasi tidak begitu kuat, sedangkan tempat tidak terinvasi M. hibiscifolia (jumlah M. hibiscifolia 0) berkorelasi negatif dengan kelembapan udara, walaupun korelasi tidak begitu kuat. Kegiatan manusia seperti pemangkasan/pemanenan dan pembersihan berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan M. hibiscifolia. Kerapatan M. hibiscifolia berpengaruh terhadap kandungan hara tanah. Semakin tinggi kerapatan M. hibiscifolia, semakin tinggi kandungan C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia dan K-tersedia tanah. Tumbuhan M. hibiscifolia memiliki biomassa dan serasah yang lebih tinggi daripada tumbuhan lokal serta kandungan hara yang tinggi pada daun, batang dan akar. Meningkatnya kandungan C-organik tanah memengaruhi peningkatan kandungan N-total, P-tersedia dan K-tersedia tanah. Kerapatan M. hibiscifolia tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH tanah. Tumbuhan invasif M. hibiscifolia dapat menekan pertumbuhan tumbuhan asosiasi. Semakin tinggi kerapatan M. hibiscifolia semakin rendah jumlah tumbuhan asosiasi yang memiliki tinggi ≥ 1 m dan biomassa tumbuhan asosiasi juga semakin rendah.
English Abstract
Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden is on of the ex-situ plant conservation area that is vulnerable to threats and disturbances, one of which is the presence of invasive plants. Invasive plant are plants that grow outside their natural habitat, have a high adaptation and reproduction rate, as well as fast dispersal rate. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Asteraceae) is one of the invasive plants found in the KRE. Factors which affect the level of plant invasion determined by propagule, abiotic (climate and edaphic), biotic and the size of the interaction of these three factors. The presence of invasive plant can suppress the growth of local plant. such as the presence of Acacia nilotica in the Baluran National Park area which causes the population of various grass species to decrease. Invasive plant can affect pH, Organic-C, N, P and K and soil moisture. Plant invasion can have positive, negative and neutral effect on soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence M. hibiscifolia invasion, and the impact of M. hibiscifolia on soil fertility and the growth of associated plants which include local plants in KRE. The research was conducted at the Bali Botanical Garden, from September 2021 to April 2022. The method used is observation using purposive sampling, with a plot measuring 10 m x 10 m. The collection of plant biomass of M. hibiscifolia, associated plants and litter using the destructive sampling method (harvesting). Parameters observed included density and nutrient content of M. hibiscifolia, plants Important Value Index (IVI), percentage of families, genera, and invasion status of associated plants, climatic conditions and soil characteristics, biomass and plant litter. Observational data were analyzed by correlation and regression, as well as biplot analysis to determine the factors that affect the density level of M. hibiscifolia plants. In addition, a variance test was also carried out at a significance level of 5% with One-way ANOVA, and continued with a 5% Honestly Significant Difference (HSD), so that it is known the effect of invasive plant on soil fertility. The results showed that M. hibiscifolia generally grows around water flow, with an IVI value of 74.58%. The highest percentage of associated plant family is Asteraceae 47.01% and the largest genus is Ageratina 42.84%, and associated plants including invasive plants are 12.77%. The effect of several factors on each density show that M. hibiscifolia at low densities had a positive correlation with soil moisture, wind speed, and light intensity, although the correlation has less significant. Available P, available K, total-N, air temperature, and organic-C were positively and significantly correlated with M. hibiscifolia. M. hibiscifolia plant at medium densities had a negative correlation with pH, although the correlation was less significant, while the sites where M. hibiscifolia was not invaded (number of M. hibiscifolia 0) and had a negative correlation with air humidity, although the correlation was less significant. Human activities such as pruning/harvesting can affect the density of M. hibiscifolia. The density of M. hibiscifolia affect soil nutrient content. The higher density, the higher the content of organic-C, nitrogen, available P and available K in the soil. M. hibiscifolia plant had a higher biomass and litter than local plants, as well as high nutrient content in leaves, stems, and roots. Organic-C content affects the increase in total-N, available P and available K. The density of M. hibiscifolia did not affect soil pH. Invasive plant M. hibiscifolia can suppress the growth of associated plants. The higher density of M. hibiscifolia, the lowes the number of associated plants thet have a height of ≥ 1 m and the lower the biomass of associated plants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040088 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2023 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2023 07:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201105 |
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