Ilmiyah, Khikmatul Faizah Naylul and Dr. Ir. Damanhuri, M.S. (2023) Uji Daya Hasil Pendahuluan Beberapa Calon Varietas Hibrida Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung manis merupakan salah satu komoditas yang digemari di Indonesia karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik serta rasanya manis. Perkembangan industri pengolahan pangan serta meningkatnya populasi penduduk, diikuti oleh peningkatan kebutuhan jagung manis. Namun sayangnya kondisi tersebut tidak diikuti oleh tingginya produksi jagung manis. Rendahnya produksi jagung manis di Indonesia diduga karena minimnya penggunaan benih jagung manis hibrida. Kondisi tersebut menuntut adanya pengembangan dan perakitan varietas jagung manis hibrida dengan daya hasil tinggi. Sebagai bagian dari program pemuliaan tanaman, perakitan varietas terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, salah satunya yaitu tahap uji daya hasil. Proses uji daya hasil calon varietas dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa calon varietas memiliki daya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui daya hasil calon hibrida. Diduga terdapat calon varietas hibrida yang memiliki daya hasil lebih tinggi atau sama dengan varietas pembanding. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan milik CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2022. Lahan penelitian berlokasi di Desa Bocek, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari sembilan level perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 6 calon varietas hibrida yaitu JM-1, JM-2, JM-3, JM-4, JM-5, dan JM-6 serta 3 varietas pembanding yaitu Paragon, Talenta, dan Bonanza. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 40 tanaman yang ditanam dalam baris ganda. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, sudut di antara helai daun dan batang, umur anthesis, umur silking, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), umur panen, jumlah tongkol per tanaman, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, panjang tip filling, bobot janggel, jumlah baris biji per tongkol, panjang biji, lebar biji, bobot rendemen biji, hasil panen per plot, hasil panen per hektar, kadar gula, dan daya simpan pada suhu ruang. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati meliputi bentuk ujung daun pertama dan penampilan helai daun. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5% serta setiap variabel dihitung koefisien keragamannya. Terdapat perbedaan nyata seluruh karakter kuantitatif kecuali karakter jumlah tongkol per tanaman pada sembilan genotipe yang diuji. Karakter kualitatif bentuk ujung daun pertama dan penampilan helai daun menunjukkan adanya keragaman antar genotipe. Calon varietas hibrida JM-2 memiliki potensi dapat dikembangkan sebagai varietas baru. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada adanya keunggulan calon varietas hibrida JM-2 pada karakter hasil panen per hektar, hasil panen per plot, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris biji per tongkol, dan kadar gula yang tinggi.
English Abstract
Sweet corn is one of the most popular commodities in Indonesia because it contains good nutrition and tastes sweet. The development of the food industry and the increase in population has been followed by an increase in demand for sweet corn. But unfortunately these conditions are not followed by high production of sweet corn. The low production of sweet corn in Indonesia is thought to be due to the minimal use of hybrid sweet corn seeds. These conditions require the development and assembling of hybrid sweet corn varieties with high yields. As part of the plant breeding program, the assembling of varieties consists of several stages, one of which is the yield testing stage. The process of testing the yield of prospective varieties is carried out to ensure that the prospective varieties have high yields. This research was conducted to determine the yield potential of hybrid candidates. It is suspected that there are candidate hybrid varieties that have higher or the same yield as the control varieties. The research was carried out on land owned by CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia in April to August 2022. The research area is located in Bocek Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. This study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of nine level of treatments and three replications. The treatments applied consisted of 6 hybrid varieties candidates namely JM-1, JM-2, JM-3, JM-4, JM-5, and JM-6 and 3 comparison varieties, namely Paragon, Talenta, dan Bonanza. Each experimental unit consisted of 40 plants planted in a double row. The observed quantitative characters include plant height, angle between leaf blade and stem, anthesis age, silking age, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), harvest age, ears number per plant, ear weight with husk, ears weight without husk, ear length, ear diameter, tip filling length, cob weight, kernel rows number, kernel length, kernel width, kernel yield weight (%), yield per plot, yield per hectare, sugar content, and shelf life at room temperature. The observed qualitative characters include shape of the first leaf tip and leaf pattern. Observational data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a level of 5% and continued with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) test at a level of 5% and each variable was calculated the coefficient of variance. There were significant differences in all quantitative characters except for the number of cobs per plant in the nine genotypes tested. The qualitative characters of the shape of the tip of the first leaf and the appearance of the leaf blade indicated that there was variation between genotypes. The hybrid varieties candidate JM-2 has the potential to be developed as new variety. This is based on the advantages of the hybrid varieties candidate JM-2 in the characters of yield per hectare, yield per plot, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, ear diameter, kernel rows number, and sugar content which were high.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040087 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | PKN 01 UB |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2023 07:01 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jun 2023 07:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201103 |
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