Pengaruh Sinar Matahari terhadap Viabilitas Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin di Daun Kedelai dan Patogenisitasnya pada Larva Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Rahmasari, Diana and Prof. Dr. Ir. Aminudin Afandhi and Dr. Mochammad Syamsul Hadi (2023) Pengaruh Sinar Matahari terhadap Viabilitas Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin di Daun Kedelai dan Patogenisitasnya pada Larva Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan di Indonesia yang dibudidayakan di sawah dan tegalan. Masalah utama pada tanaman kedelai berupa serangan hama Spodoptera litura. Kehilangan hasil kedelai akibat serangan S. litura di Indonesia dapat mencapai 23-45%. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi populasi hama yang ramah lingkungan yaitu memanfaatkan agens hayati berupa jamur patogen serangga (JPS) B. bassiana. B. bassiana dapat mematikan larva S. litura sebesar 80% di laboratorium dan mengendalikan S. litura hingga mencapai mortalitas 93,33% menggunakan suspensi konidia dengan kerapatan 7x108. Sinar matahari dapat membunuh jamur, mengurangi viabilitas dan patogenisitas konidia JPS. Lama waktu B. bassiana bertahan terhadap sinar matahari merupakan informasi yang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan isolat yang persisten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2022. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan sembilan perlakuan, yaitu lama pemaparan sinar matahari pada daun kedelai di lapang selama 0, 3, 5, 8, 30, 33, 48, 55 dan 57 jam. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Uji patogenisitas jamur B. bassiana terhadap larva S. litura dilakukan dengan pemberian pakan daun kedelai yang telah diaplikasikan B. bassiana. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 15 ekor larva S. litura instar II. Variabel pengamatan yang diteliti adalah viabilitas konidia, mortalitas total dan nilai LT50 larva S. litura. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan taraf 5%. Data waktu kematian larva S. litura dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk mendapatkan nilai LT50. Kemudian dilakukan analisis korelasi dan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama pemaparan sinar matahari 3-57 jam tidak aman pada konidia di permukaan daun kedelai; ditunjukkan nilai viabilitas tidak sama dengan kontrol tanpa pemaparan. Peningkatan lama pemaparan sinar matahari menyebabkan viabilitas dan patogenisitas B. bassiana semakin menurun di daun kedelai. Penghambatan viabilitas konidia B. bassiana oleh sinar matahari pada lama pemaparan 3 jam yaitu 27,93%, dari 75,77% menurun menjadi 54,61%. Penurunan viabilitas akibat lama pemaparan sinar matahari 3-57 jam menyebabkan penurunan patogenisitas B. bassiana terhadap larva S. litura.

English Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the food crops in Indonesia which is cultivated in rice fields and dry fields. The main problem in soybean plants is Spodoptera litura pest attack. Loss of soybean yield due to S. litura attack in Indonesia can reach 23-45%. One effort to reduce pest populations that are environmentally friendly is to utilize biological agents in the form of the Entomopathogenic Fungus (EPF) B. bassiana. B. bassiana can kill S. litura larvae by 80% in the laboratory and control S. litura up to 93.33% mortality using conidial suspension with a density of 7x108. Sunlight can kill the fungus, reduce the viability and pathogenicity of EPF conidia. The length of time B. bassiana survives sunlight is information needed to obtain persistent isolates. The study was conducted from September to October 2022. The study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments, namely the length of exposure to sunlight on soybean leaves in the field for 0, 3, 5, 8, 30, 33, 48, 55 and 57 hours. Each treatment was repeated three times. The pathogenicity test of B. bassiana fungus on S. litura larvae was carried out by feeding soybean leaves that had been applied to B. bassiana. Each treatment used 15 larvae of S. litura second instar. The observed variables studied were conidial viability, total mortality and LT50 value of S. litura larvae. Data were analyzed using variance and continued with Duncan's test at 5% level. Data on the time of death of S. litura larvae were analyzed using probit analysis to obtain the LT50 value. Then performed correlation analysis and simple linear regression. The results showed that long exposure to sunlight 3-57 hours was unsafe on the conidia on the surface of soybean leaves; indicated that the viability value was not the same as the control without exposure. The increase in the length of sun exposure caused the viability and pathogenicity of B. bassiana to decrease in soybean leaves. Inhibition of the viability of B. bassiana conidia by sunlight at 3 hours of exposure was 27.93%, from 75.77% decreased to 54.61%. Decreased viability due to long exposure to sunlight 3-57 hours caused a decrease in the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to S. litura larvae.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523040044
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	05 Jun 2023 07:21
Last Modified:	05 Jun 2023 07:21
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200746

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