Wardani, Cikal Rafiqa and Rina Rachmawati (2023) Pengaruh Aplikasi Trichoderma harzianum dan Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria Terhadap Serangan Phytophthora nicotiane dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Nanas (Ananas comosus L Merr.) di PT. Great Giant Pineapple. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman nanas di Indonesia memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Produksi nanas nasional meningkat hingga pada tahun 2021 mencapai 2,8 ton. Namun dalam budidaya tanaman nanas masih memiliki kendala, seperti gangguan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Adanya serangan OPT pada tanaman nanas dapat menurunkan mutu dan jumlah produksi. Salah satu penyakit penting tanaman nanas yaitu busuk hati yang disebabkan oleh patogen Phytophthora nicotianae. Upaya pengendalian penyakit busuk hati nanas yang telah dilakukan yakni dengan penggunaan fungisida kimia. Penggunaan fungisida kimia memiliki dampak buruk yang dapat menimbulkan residu terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, usaha pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan dan efektif perlu dilakukan salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan mikroorganisme, antara lain Trichoderma harzianum dan bakteri B8 (MHB) sebagai agensia hayati antagonis yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan patogen pada tanaman dan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022 sampai Desember 2022 di lokasi 86F lahan nanas endemik P. nicotianae dan laboratorium proteksi PT. Great Giant Pineapple. Tahapan penelitian meliputi perbanyakan T. harzianum, aplikasi T. harzianum padat dan pupuk dasar, dipping dan seleksi crown, penanaman crown nanas, pembuatan T. harzianum dan B8 cair, aplikasi perlakuan ke lahan, serta pengamatan lapang dan laboratorium. Parameter penelitian ini meliputi kejadian penyakit dan pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, luas indeks daun, dan pertambahan daun baru). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa persentase kejadian penyakit yaitu 0,11% pada petak kontrol. Rerata tinggi tanaman yang ditunjukkan petak A lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan petak C yaitu 30,20 cm dan petak C yaitu 29,65 cm. Rerata luas indeks daun pada petak A lebih tinggi dibandingkan petak C, yaitu 82,55% dan petak C yaitu 78,88%. Rerata tinggi tanaman dan rerata luas indeks daun petak A dan petak C tidak berbeda nyata. Sementara itu, pertambahan daun baru pada 31 hst dan 44 hst petak A (5,8 dan 3,8) lebih tinggi dibandingkan petak C (4,4 dan 2,8). Sehingga petak A memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap rerata pertambahan daun baru pada 31 hst dan 44 hst dibandingkan dengan petak C. Uji antagonis yang dilakukan menunjukkan pertumbuhan diameter koloni T10 lebih cepat memenuhi media dibandingkan koloni P. nicotianae dan T10 dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. nicotianae pada 4 hsi. Rerata diameter pertumbuhan koloni T. harzianum (T10) dengan P. nicotianae memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Berdasarkan hasil uji ini, maka aplikasi T. harzianum dan B8 efektif untuk merangsang pertambahan daun baru (pertumbuhan tanaman) serta mampu manghambat pertumbuhan P. nicotianae pada uji antagonisme.
English Abstract
Pineapple plants in Indonesia have high economic value. National pineapple production increased to 2.8 tons in 2021. However, the cultivation of pineapple plants still has obstacles, such as plant-disrupting organism. An attack of plantdisrupting organisms on pineapple plants can reduce the quality and amount of production. One of the major diseases of pineapple plants is liver decay caused by the pathogen Phytophora nicotianae. The efforts to control pineapple liver rot disease that have been carried out are by the use of chemical fungicides. The use of chemical fungicides has adverse effects that can cause residues to the environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly and effective control efforts need to be undertaken by using microorganisms, including Trichoderma harzianum and B8 bacteria (MHB) as antagonistic biological agents that can suppress the growth of pathogens in plants and can increase plant growth. This study was conducted from September 2022 to December 2022 at the location of 86F of the endemic pineapple field P. nicotianae and the protection laboratory of PT. Great Giant Pineapple. The research stages include increased T. harzianum, solid T. harzianum and basic fertilizer applications, dipping and crown selection, pineapple crown planting, liquid T. harzianum and B8, land treatment applications, and field and laboratory observations. These research parameters include disease occurrences and plant growth (plant height, leaf index area, and new leaf growth). Based on the results of the study, the percentage of disease occurrence was 0.11% in the control box. The average height of the plant shown in plot A is higher than that of plot C which is 30.20 cm and plot C which is 29.65 cm. The average area of the leaf index in plot A is higher than that of plot C, which is 82.55% and plot C which is 78.88%. The average height of the plant and the average area of the leaf indices plot A and plot C are not real different. Meanwhile, the increase of new leaves at 31 hst and 44 hst of plot A (5.8 and 3.8) is higher than that of plot C (4.4 and 2.8). Thus plot A has a real influence on the average increase in new leaves at 31 hst and 44 hst compared to plot C. Antagonist tests showed faster growth of colony diameter T10 filled the media than colony P. nicotianae and T10 could inhibit the growth of P. nicotianae at 4 hsi. The average growth diameter of the colony of T. harzianum (T10) with P. nicotianae gives a distinctly different result. Based on these tests, the application of T. harzianum and B8 is effective in stimulating the growth of new leaves (plant growth) and can inhibit the growth of P. nicotianae in antagonism tests.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040036 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Jun 2023 03:47 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Jun 2023 03:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200697 |
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