Rahmah, Atikah and Prof. Ir. Kurniatun Hairiah (2023) Respon Lokal Akar Kopi terhadap Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Fosfor di UB Forest. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sekitar 70% dari total luasan (544 ha) hutan pendidikan UB Forest adalah agroforestri, salah satunya ialah kopi yang menjadi salah satu mata pencaharian masyarakat setempat, selain sebagai tanaman utama untuk konservasi tanah dan air. Manajemen yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kopi adalah dengan pemangkasan batang setinggi 125 cm dengan tujuan mempermudah proses panen. Dengan adanya pemangkasan batang tersebut menurunkan total panjang akar (Lrv) horizontal sekitar 79% dan 19% untuk akar vertikal. Keberadaan unsur P di UB Forest cukup terbatas, sehingga sedikit penambahan pupuk P dapat meningkatakan total panjang akar (Lrv) dibanding dengan pemberian pupuk N dan pupuk K. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, (a) Mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian pupuk anorganik P dan organik terhadap kerapatan akar tanaman kopi, dan (b) Mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk terhadap indeks luas daun (LAI) tanaman kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei hingga Agustus 2022 di UB Forest, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Percobaan dilakukan di Plot LC (low maintenance coffee) yang merupakan plot kontrol dengan manajemen yang minimal. Percobaan menggunakan metode in-growth core technique, dengan memasukan tanah (BI 0,9 g cm-3) + pupuk ke dalam mesh bag atau kantong jala. Pupuk yang ditambahkan adalah pupuk kandang kambing 693 g/tanaman), pupuk kandang ayam (746 g/tanaman), SP-36 (27 g/tanaman), dan TSP 60% P (16,2 g/tanaman). Selanjutnya mesh bag ditanam sedalam 0-20 cm dengan jarak 50 cm dari pokok pohon kopi, selama 12 minggu. Perlakuan diatur menurut Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 5 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 25 total pohon contoh. Pengukuran yang dilakukan adalah total panjang akar (Lrv) dan biomassa kering akar (Drv), panjang akar spesifik (Specrol), dan indeks luas daun (LAI). Analisis kimia tanah dilakukan saat awal dan akhir percobaan (12 minggu) yaitu, pH tanah, N-total, C-organik, dan P-tersedia. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan Genstat 16th Edition, yang terdiri dari uji ANOVA, dan uji lanjut Duncan (DMRT). Dalam waktu pendek (12 minggu) penambahan berbagai jenis pupuk ke dalam tanah memperoleh berbagai respon dari akar tanaman kopi. Pemberian pupuk anorganik (SP-36 dan TSP) mampu meningkatkan Lrv akar kopi lebih tinggi 32% daripada Lrv tanpa penambahan pupuk (kontrol), ataupun dengan penambahan pupuk organik (kotoran ayam dan kambing) dengan rata-rata 86 cm cm-3. Namun demikian, aplikasi aneka macam pupuk tersebut tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap biomasa akar (0,00002 g cm-3), specrol kopi (3593 cm g-1), dan LAI (270 m2 m-2). Hal ini dikarenakan sifat pupuk anorganik yang cepat terlarut sehingga hara lebih cepat tersedia bagi tanaman. Informasi dari hasil percobaan ini berguna untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan lahan agroforestri kopi untuk mencapai produksi kopi yang optimal dengan masukan pupuk yang sesuai.
English Abstract
About 70% of the total area (544 ha) of Forest Research and education (UB forest) is coffee-based agroforestry, which is a source of income for the local community as well as being the main crop for soil and water conservation. Land management carried out to increase coffee productivity is by pruning tree stems as high as 125 cm, to facilitate the harvesting process. This pruning tree stemps practice reduced the total horizontal root length density (Lrv) by about 79% and 19% for vertical roots. The availability of P in UB Forest is rather limited, so that a small addition of P fertilizer can increase the Lrv which is higher than the application of N fertilizer and K fertilizer. The purpose of this research is to (a) evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and inorganic P application on the root density (Lrv and Drv) of coffee plants, and (b) Evaluating the effect of various types of fertilizers on coffee leaf area index (LAI). The research was conducted from May to August 2022 at UB Forest, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java. The experiment was carried out in the LC (low maintenance coffee) plot which is a control plot without any management from the farmers. The local respond test used the in-growth core technique method, by putting the soil into a mesh bag (BD 0.9 g cm-3). The fertilizers added were goat manure (693 g/plant), chicken manure (746 g/plant), SP- 36 fertilizer (27 g/plant), and TSP (16,2 g/plant). Subesequently the mesh bag was burried at 0-20 cm deep with a distance of 50 cm from the coffee tree trunk, with in 12 week. Treatment was arranged according to a randomized block design (RBD), with 5 repetitions, so there were 25 trees observed. Measurements taken were Root Length Density (Lrv), Root Dry Weight (Drv), dan spesific root length (Specrol), and leaf area index (LAI). Soil chemical analysis were carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment (12 weeks): soil pH, total N, organic C, and available P. The obtained data is analyzed using Genstat 12th Edition and ANOVA test, and Multiple Duncan Range Test (DMRT). The addition of various types of fertilizers to the soil elicited various responses from the coffee plant roots. Application of inorganic fertilizers (SP-36 and TSP) was able to increase the Lrv of coffee roots by 32% higher than the Lrv without fertilizer (control), or with the addition of organic fertilizer (chicken and goat manure) with an average of 86 cm cm-3. However, the application of various types of fertilizers had no significant effect (p>0.05) on root biomass (0,00002 g cm-3), coffee specrol (3593 cm g-1), also LAI of coffee trees (270 m2 m-2). This is due to the nature of inorganic fertilizers that are fast release so that nutrients are more quickly available for plants. Information from the results of this experiment is useful for improving coffee agroforestry land management to achieve optimal coffee production with fertilizer input as needed.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0523040024 |
Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
Date Deposited: | 30 May 2023 02:48 |
Last Modified: | 30 May 2023 02:48 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200645 |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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