Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Media Jamur Merang dan Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt)

Iftirosy, Al and Dr. Anna Satyana Karyawati (2022) Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Media Jamur Merang dan Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Usaha peningkatan produksi jagung manis dalam negeri sangat bergantung pada kemampuan penyediaan dan penerapan inovasi teknologi meliputi varietas unggul dan penyediaan benih bermutu, serta teknologi budidaya yang tepat dan ramah lingkungan, sehingga mengimbangi aplikasi pupuk anorganik dengan kompos organik merupakan pilihan yang tepat untuk budidaya jagung manis. Petani di Kabupaten Gresik umumnya lebih sering menggunakan pupuk anorganik tetapi penggunaan pupuk anorganik tanpa disertai aplikasi pupuk alami dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tanah baik secara fisik, biologi, maupun kimia. Penambahan bahan organik merupakan upaya perbaikan lingkungan tumbuh tanaman. Namun, pemberian pupuk organik seperti kompos jerami secara tunggal belum mampu memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tanaman jagung. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan kombinasi antara pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik serta pemilhan varietas unggul sebagai upaya peningkatan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini ialah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompos media jamur merang dengan berbagai dosis nitrogen serta mengetahui interaksi antara keduanya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) juga untuk mengetahui bahwa pemberian kompos media jamur merang dapat mengurangi dosis pemberian nitrogen pada proses budidaya tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian diksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai April 2022 di lahan Tegal Mawuh Desa Sambogunung, Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah cangkul, tugal, ember, cetok, sabit, tali rafia, meteran, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), kertas label, penggaris, timbangan, refraktometer, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan ialah benih jagung manis varietas Talenta, air, kompos media jamur merang, pupuk Urea (46% N), pupuk TSP46 (46% P2O2), pupuk KCl (60% K2O) dan air. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) yang terdiri dari dua faktor dengan 12 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah pemberian kompos media jamur merang: P1=5 t ha-1, P2=10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1. Faktor kedua ialah dosis pupuk Nitrogen: N0=0 kg ha-1, N1=100 kg ha-1, N2=150 kg ha-1, N3=200 kg ha-1. Parameter pengamatan meliputi pengamatan pertumbuhan dan hasil. Komponen pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm tan-1), luas daun (cm2 tan-1), dan jumlah daun (helai tan-1). Komponen pengamatan hasil meliputi panjang tongkol (cm tan-1), bobot segar tongkol berkelobot (t ha-1), bobot segar tongkol tanpa kelobot (t ha-1), diameter tongkol (cm tan-1) dan kadar kemanisan (obrix). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji keragaman (uji F) dengan taraf nyata 5% dan diuji lanjut dengan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi nyata pada karakter tinggi dan jumlah daun 42 HST, luas daun 14 HST, bobot segar tongkol berkelobot dan panjang tongkol jagung manis. Pemupukan N dosis 100 kg N/ha dan pemberian 5 t ha- kompos media jamur merang dapat meningkatkan hasil bobot segar tongkol tanaman jagung manis sebagaimana pada pemupukan N dosis 200 kg N/ha dan pemberian 5 t ha- kompos media jamur merang.

English Abstract

Efforts to increase domestic sweet corn production depend heavily on the ability to provide and apply technological innovations including superior varieties and the provision of quality seeds, as well as appropriate and environmentally friendly cultivation technology, so that balancing the application of chemical fertilizers with organic compost is the right choice for sweet corn cultivation. Farmers in Gresik Regency generally use chemical fertilizers more often, but the use of chemical fertilizers without the application of natural fertilizers can cause soil damage both physically, biologically and chemically. The addition of organic matter is an effort to improve the environment for plant growth. However, the application of organic fertilizers such as straw compost alone has not been able to have a significant effect on corn yields. For this reason, a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers is needed as well as the selection of superior varieties as an effort to increase the growth and yield of sweet corn plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of composting straw mushroom media with various doses of nitrogen and to find out the interaction between the two on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The research was conducted in February to April 2022 at Tegal Mawuh, Sambogunung, Dukun, Gresik, East Java. The tools used in the research were hoe, tugal, bucket, scythe, sickle, raffia, meter, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), label paper, ruler, scale, refractometer, stationery and camera. The materials used were sweet corn seeds of Talenta variety, water, straw mushroom compost media, Urea (46% N), TSP46 fertilizer (46% P2O2), KCl fertilizer (60% K2O) and water. The study was conducted using a Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors with 12 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The first factor was the provision of straw mushroom media compost: P1=5 t ha-1, P2=10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1. The second factor is nitrogen fertilizer dose: N0=0 kg ha-1, N1=100 kg ha-1, N2=150 kg ha-1, N3=200 kg ha-1. Observation parameters include growth and yield. The growth observation components included plant height (cm plant-1), leaf area (cm2 plant-1), and number of leaves (leaf plant-1). Components of yield observations included length of cob (cm plant-1), fresh weight of cob with husk (t ha-1), fresh weight of cob (t ha-1), diameter of cob (cm plant-1) and sweetness level (obrix). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and carried out by the F test an error rate level 5% and further tested with the 5% Honestly Significant Difference Test (HSD test). The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the height and number of leaves at 42 DAP, leaf area at 14 DAP, fresh weight of cobs and cob length of sweet corn. N fertilization at a dose of 100 kg N/ha and 5 t ha- straw mushroom media compost increased the fresh weight yield of sweet corn cobs as well as N fertilization at a dose of 200 kg N/ha and 5 t ha- straw mushroom media compost.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040551
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	29 May 2023 06:48
Last Modified:	29 May 2023 06:48
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200568

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