Larasati, Aisyah Devita and Prof. Ir. Sumeru Ashari (2023) Karakterisasi Morfo-Agronomi Enam Calon Varietas F1 Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculantum Mill.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat merupakan tanaman sayuran buah yang banyak digemari masyarakat karena memiliki rasa yang enak, manis, sedikit asam, segar dan mengandung antioksidan. Masalah yang dihadapi petani dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pasar bagi konsumen adalah ketidaksesuaian antara kualitas yang dikehendaki masyarakat dengan kualitas buah yang dihasilkan, seperti ukuran buah tomat. Tanaman tomat di dataran medium hingga rendah rentan terhadap hama dan penyakit, curah hujan dan temperatur tinggi karena mudah terserah penyakit layu bakteri sehingga hasil buahnya akan rendah. Salah satu varietas unggul tomat dataran rendah adalah Servo dan Diva. Keunggulan varietas Servo yaitu memiliki produksi tinggi, tahan gemini virus, buahnya keras, dan daya simpan lama namun ukuran buahnya tidak terlalu besar serta adakalanya bibitnya tidak ada di pasaran dan harganya mahal. Keunggulan varietas Diva yaitu memiliki potensi produksi yang tinggi, namun tidak tahan terhadap gemini virus sehingga perlu dilakukan penyaringan koleksi plasma nutfah untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru melalui kegiatan karakterisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan deskripsi sifat enam calon varietas F1 tomat berdasarkan karakter morfo-agronomi dan mengetahui keunggulan dan penciri khusus enam calon varietas F1 tomat. Hipotesis penelitian ini yaitu terdapat calon varietas F1 tomat yang unggul dan penciri khusus dari enam calon varietas tomat berdasarkan penampilan karakter morfo-agronomi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2022 di Desa Bocek, Manggisari, Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan perlakuan enam calon varietas hibrida tomat dan dua varietas pembanding (Diva dan Servo) yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari karakter kuantitatif dan karakter kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati diantaranya tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, jumlah bunga per tanaman, fruit set, umur awal panen, jumlah buah total per tanaman, dan hasil panen per hektar. Sedangkan karakter kualitatif yang diamati diantaranya antosianin hipokotil, pola daun, tipe daun, leaflet, profil permukaan daun, intensitas warna hijau pada buah muda, intensitas dots pada buah muda, tipe inflorescence, tangkai (abscission layer), green back atau shoulder sebelum masak, extent green shoulder sebelum masak, garis hijau kulit, ribbing buah, bentuk pangkal buah, tipe kelopak buah, jumlah lokula, warna buah masak, dan warna daging buah. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan deskriptor UPOV, IPGRI, dan RHS color chart, sedangkan data yang didapatkan dari hasil pengamatan kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) dengan taraf 5%. Apabila uji F pada analisis ragam menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Perhitungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software DSAASTAT. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi dari 6 calon varietas tomat menunjukkan bahwa belum ada calon varietas yang lebih unggul apabila dibandingkan dengan dua varietas pembanding (Diva dan Servo). Calon varietas KR3 dan KR2 memiliki ciri khusus pada karakter green shoulder pada buahnya, extent green shoulder medium, intensitas warna hijau medium pada buah muda, tipe kelopak buah moderately depressed, dan bentuk pangkal buah meruncing (pointed) yang membedakan kedua calon varietas tersebut terdapat pada karakter antosianin hipokotil dan pola daun. Calon varietas 023 dan 053 memiliki ciri khusus pada karakter antosianin hipokotil yaitu berwarna hijau, sedangkan yang membedakan kedua calon varietas tersebut terdapat pada karakter bentuk pangkal buah. Calon varietas KR1 dan MD juga memiliki ciri khusus pada karakter bentuk pangkal buah yang membedakan kedua calon varietas tersebut terdapat pada karakter tipe kelopak buah.
English Abstract
Tomato is a fruit vegetable plant that is popular with the public because it tastes good, is sweet, slightly sour, fresh and contains antioxidants. The problem faced by farmers in meeting market needs for consumers is the mismatch between the quality desired by the community and the quality of the fruit produced, such as the size of the tomatoes. Tomato plants in medium to low plains are susceptible to pests and diseases, rainfall and high temperatures because they are easily susceptible to bacterial wilt disease so that fruit yields will be low. One of the superior varieties of lowland tomatoes is Servo and Diva. The advantages of the Servo variety are high production, gemini virus resistance, hard fruit and long storage age, but the size of the fruit is not too large and sometimes the seeds are not available on the market and the price is expensive. The advantage of the Diva variety is that it has a high production potential, but is not resistant to the gemini virus, so it is necessary to screen the germplasm collection to obtain new superior varieties through characterization activities. This study aims to obtain a description of the characteristics of six candidate tomato F1 varieties based on morpho-agronomic characters and to determine the advantages and special characteristics of six candidate tomato F1 varieties. The hypothesis of this study is that there are superior candidate F1 tomato varieties and special characteristics of the six candidate tomato varieties based on the appearance of morpho-agronomic characters. This research was conducted from March to June 2022 in Bocek Village, Manggisari, Karangploso, Malang Regency, East Java. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment factors, namely six candidate tomato hybrid varieties and two control varieties (Diva and Servo) which were repeated 3 times to obtain 24 experimental units. Parameters observed consisted of quantitative characters and qualitative characters. The quantitative characters observed included plant height, flowering age, number of flowers per plant, fruit set, early harvest age, total number of fruits per plant, and productivity per plot. While the qualitative characters observed included anthocyanin coloration of hypocotyl, leaf: type of blade, leaf: attitude, leaflet, leaf surface profile, intensity of green color (before maturity), intensity of dots (before maturity), type of inflorescence, peduncle: abscission layer, fruit: green back or shoulder (before maturity), fruit: extent of green shoulder (before maturity), green stripes, fruit: ribbing at peduncle end, fruit: shape at blossom end, fruit: shoulder shape, number of locules, color of ripe fruit, and color of fruit flesh. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively using UPOV, IPGRI, and RHS color chart descriptors, while data obtained from quantitative observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) with a level of 5%. If the F test on the analysis of variance shows a significant effect, then continue with the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Calculations were performed using the DSAASTAT software. Based on the results characterization of the 6 candidate tomato varieties, it was shown that no candidate varieties were superior when compared to the two comparison varieties (Diva and Servo). The candidate varieties KR3 and KR2 have special characteristics in the character of the green shoulder on the fruit, the extent of the green shoulder is medium, the intensity of the green color is medium in the young fruit, the type of calyx is moderately depressed, and the shape of the base of the fruit is pointed while the different between them are anthocyanin coloration of hypocotyl character and attitude of leaf. Candidate varieties 023 and 053 have a special characteristic of the anthocyanin coloration of hypocotyl character, which is green in color, while the different between them is the character of the shape at blossom end of fruit. Candidate varieties KR1 and MD have special characteristics in the shape at blossom end of fruit, while the different between them is in the shoulder shape of fruit.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040009 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2023 03:35 |
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2023 03:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200547 |
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