Astani, Abdul Roúp and Dr. Izmi Yulianah (2022) Keragaman Genetik 12 Genotip Bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Dan Agronomi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) termasuk dalam famili Amaranthaceae. Data statistik tahun 2018 sampai 2020 produksi bayam mengalami penurunan mencapai 5.253 ton. Salah satu cara meningkatkan hasil pertanian selain dari pada perluasan lahan juga dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan varietas unggul. Penyediaan varietas unggul bayam diperlukan untuk konsumen, sehingga mampu meningkatkan hasil produksi bayam. Pengembangan genotip lokal bagi petani dapat ditinjau potensinya sebagai bahan perakitan varietas. Informasi sumber genetik penting untuk mendapatkan keragaman karakter sebagai tujuannya menjadi varietas baru yang unggul di bidang pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik pada karakter morfologi dan agronomi, dan juga mempelajari perbedaan karakter agronomi antar kelompok varietas dengan genotip bayam lokal. Hipotesis yang ditetapkan ialah terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan agronomi, serta mempelajari perbedaan karakter agronomi antar kelompok varietas dengan genotip bayam lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan pertanian Desa Donowarih, Kecamatan Karangpoloso, Kabupaten Malang berada 620 mdpl pada bulan Juni 2022. Alat yang digunakan berupa cangkul, gembor, timbangan digital, meteran, penggaris, alat tulis, papan penanda, dan kamera. Pengujian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan tiga ulangan. Bahan pengujian terdiri dari dua belas genotipe (12) bayam, terdiri dari 8 varietas unggul dan 4 bayam lokal. Perlakuan diulang sejumlah 3 kali ulangan, sehingga didapat 36 satuan percobaan. Karakter morfologi menggunakan deskriptor Panduan Pengujian Individual (PPI) Bayam, sedangkan karakter agronomi meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan bobot segar per tanaman. Karakter morfologi disajikan dalam gambar dan deskripsi, sedangkan karakter agronomi dianalisis menggunakan Analisis of Varians (ANOVA) dengan uji F taraf 5%, koefisien keragaman genotip dan koefisien keragaman fenotip. Uji Ortogonal kontras taraf 5% dilakukan untuk membandingkan 2 kelompok dan dalam kelompok varietas unggul serta dalam kelompok genotip bayam lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata pada 6 karakter agronomi. KKG dan KKF kriteria tinggi (25,9% dan 26%) pada karakter bobot segar per tanaman, kriteria sedang pada karakter tinggi tanaman, luas daun, panjang tangkai daun, sedangkan kriteria rendah diperoleh pada diameter batang dan jumlah daun. Keragaman karakter morfologi ditemukan pada karakter pigmentasi daun, sebaran warna daun, bentuk daun, permukaan tulang daun, warna tangkai daun, dan pigmentasi batang. Uji ortogonal kontras menampakkan potensi sama antara kelompok genotip lokal dengan varietas pada tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan bobot segar per tanaman.
English Abstract
Leaf amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) belongs to the Amaranthaceae family. Data from 2018 - 2020 present that leaf amaranth productions has decreased by 5,253 tons. The efforts to increase agricultural yields in addition to land expansion, can also be successful by utilizing superior varieties. Provision of leaf amaranth superior varieties is really needed for consumers, so as to increase the production of leaf amaranth. Local leaf amaranth genotypes to improvement potential promotion to be varieties. Information on genetic resources is important for capital to obtaining characters diversity in plant breeding projects, that can to be used for the purpose of assembling new superior varieties. This research was conducted to determine genetic diversity in morphological and agronomic characters, as well as studying the differences in agronomic characters between varietal groups with local leaf amaranth genotypes. The hypothesis set is that there is wide genetic diversity based on morphological and agronomic characters, then to study differentition agronomic characteristics about varities group with local leaf amaranth genotypes. The test used a Randomized Blok Design (RBD) with three replications. The materials consisted of twelve (12) genotypes of leaf amaranth which are 8 of superior varieties and 4 locals. Each genotypes were repeated 3 times, so there were 36 populations. The test was carried out in Donowarih Village, Karangpoloso District, Malang Regency 620 m above sea level. The testing time at June 2022. The observed data includes morphology and agronomic plant data. Morphology characters used leaf amaranth PPI descriptor, while agronomic characters included plant height, numbers of leaf, stem diameter, leaf square, stalk length, and fresh weight of plant. The analysis used a variety of ANOVA level of 5%. The Orthogonal Contrast test level of 5% used for comparisson of 2 grups and the inside varieties group then the inside local genotype group. The results of this research showed very significant differences in the 6 agronomic characters. The high criteria of Coefficient Genotype of Varian (CGV) and Coefficient Phenotype of Varian (CPV) (25.9% and 26%) is a fresh weight of plant character, medium criteria such as plant height, leaf square, petiole length, and low criteria for stem diameter and number of leaves. The diversity of morphological characters was found in the leaf pigmentation, distribution of leaf color, leaf shape, promience of leaf vein, petiole color and stem pigmentation characters. The orthogonal contrast tested the local leaf amaranth genotypes had same potential as the varieties group on plant height, stem diameters, and fresh weight of plant.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040545 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2023 02:27 |
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2023 02:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200506 |
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