Hanifah, Shadrina Idzni and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudiarso, (2022) Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pgpr) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung manis merupakan salah satu jenis jagung yang memiliki rasa lebih manis, mudah diolah, dan mengandung gizi yang tinggi. Akan tetapi, permintaan komoditas jagung manis belum tercukupi karena produktivitas di Indonesia dari tahun 2016 hingga 2020 masih mengalami fluktuasi. Produktivitas jagung nasional tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 53,06 Ku/Ha, namun mengalami penurunan tahun 2018 menjadi 52,41 Ku/Ha. Sementara tahun 2020, produktivitas jagung mencapai 54,74 Ku/Ha. Produktivitas jagung dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya penggunaan pupuk. Budidaya tanaman jagung masih didominasi oleh penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang apabila digunakan secara berlebihan dapat mengurangi kesuburan tanah dan kandungan bahan organik tanah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung manis adalah pemberian pupuk organik dan PGPR. Pemberian pupuk hijau C. juncea dan pupuk kandang kambing dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah serta memberikan hasil produksi yang lebih tinggi. PGPR dapat membantu menyediakan dan memobilisasi penyerapan hara dalam tanah, serta dapat berperan sebagai biofertilizer, biostimulant dan bioprotectant. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari interaksi penggunaan pupuk organik dan PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini yaitu terdapat interaksi antara kombinasi pupuk hijau dan pupuk kandang kambing dengan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Februari hingga Juni 2022 di lahan percobaan Jatimulyo Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Alat dan bahan yang diperlukan yaitu cangkul, sekop, penggaris/meteran, ember, gelas ukur, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, refraktometer, kalkulator, alat tulis, kamera, benih jagung manis var. Talenta, benih C. juncea, pupuk kandang kambing, PGPR, dan NPK Mutiara (16:16:16). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor I adalah dosis pemberian pupuk organik yaitu P0: Tanpa pupuk, P1: Pupuk hijau C. juncea 20 ton ha-1, P2: Pupuk kandang kambing 20 ton ha-1, dan P3: Pupuk hijau C. juncea 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk kandang kambing 10 ton ha-1. Faktor II adalah konsentrasi PGPR yaitu R0: PGPR 0 ml l-1, R1: PGPR 10 ml l-1, dan R2: PGPR 20 ml l-1. Terdapat 3 ulangan, sehingga didapatkan 36 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot kering tanaman, bobot segar tongkol dengan dan tanpa kelobot, diameter dan panjang tongkol, kadar gula, dan hasil panen per hektar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) 5 % dan apabila F hitung > F tabel, kemudian dilanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi pupuk organik yaitu pupuk hijau dan pupuk kandang serta pemberian PGPR menunjukkan interaksi yang mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot kering ii tanaman, bobot segar tongkol, panjang dan diameter tongkol, serta hasil panen per hektar, sedangkan masing-masing perlakuan pupuk organik dan PGPR mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun dan kadar gula jagung manis. Pemberian pupuk hijau 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk kandang 10 ton ha-1 dan PGPR 20 ml l-1 menunjukkan hasil panen tongkol per hektar sebesar 10,18 ton ha-1 dan hasil tersebut mencapai 34% lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan hasil panen jagung manis tanpa pemberian pupuk organik dan PGPR. Penggunaan pupuk hijau 20 ton ha-1 dengan penambahan PGPR 20 ml l-1 mampu memberikan pengaruh beda nyata dan menaikkan 3,5% hasil panen tongkol jika dibandingkan tanpa PGPR, begitu pula dengan penggunaan pupuk kandang 20 ton ha-1 dengan penambahan PGPR 20 ml l-1 mampu menaikkan 5,8% hasil panen tongkol jika dibandingkan tanpa PGPR. Akan tetapi, penambahan PGPR pada perlakuan kombinasi pupuk hijau 10 ton ha-1 dan pupuk kandang 10 ton ha-1 tidak memberikan pengaruh beda nyata pada hasil panen tongkol jagung manis jika dibandingkan tanpa pemberian PGPR.
English Abstract
Sweet corn is a type of corn for being sweeter than field corn, easy to process, and high in its nutritional content. However, the increase in demand for sweet corn commodities has not been fulfilled due to the fluctuation in the productivity of corn commodities in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020. National corn productivity in 2016 was 53.06 Ku/Ha, but decreased in 2018 to 52.41 Ku/Ha. Meanwhile corn productivity reached 54.74 Ku/Ha in 2020. Corn productivity is affected by several factors, one of which is the use of fertilizers. Corn cultivation is still dominated by the use of inorganic fertilizers which if used excessively can reduce soil fertility and soil organic matter content. So, efforts that can be made to increase the growth and yield of sweet corn plants are the application of organic fertilizers and PGPR. The application of green manure from C. juncea and goat manure on corn can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and provide higher yields. Whereas PGPR can affect plants by providing and mobilizing the absorption of nutrients in the soil. PGPR also has three roles for plants, namely as a biofertilizer, biostimulant and bioprotectant. Therefore, this study aims to determine the interaction of using organic fertilizer and PGPR on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The hypothesis in this study there is an interaction between the combination of green manure and goat manure with PGPR which has an effect on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research was conducted from February to June 2022 at the Jatimulyo experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. The tools and materials needed in this research are hoe, shovel, ruler/meter, bucket, measuring cup, analytical scale, vernier caliper, refractometer, calculator, stationery, camera, sweet corn var. Talenta, C. juncea seeds, goat manure, PGPR, and NPK fertilizer (16:16:16). This study used a factorial randomized block design which consists of 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of organic fertilizer, such as P0: no manure, P1: green manure C. juncea 20 tons ha-1, P2: goat manure 20 tons ha-1, and P3: green manure C. juncea 10 tons ha- 1 + goat manure 10 tons ha-1. The second factor is the concentration of PGPR, such as R0: PGPR 0 ml l-1, R1: PGPR 10 ml l-1, and R2: PGPR 20 ml l-1. Each treatment combination repeated 3 times to obtain 36 experimental units. Observation parameters consisted of plant height, number of leaves, area of leaves, dry weight of plant, fresh weight of cobs with cornhusk, fresh weight of cobs without cornhusk, diameter of cobs, length of cobs, sugar level, and yields of corn per unit hectare. The data obtained from the observations analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at a level of 5% and if F count > F table, then continued with the Least Significant Difference test at 5% level. The results showed that the use of a combination of organic fertilizers, namely green manure and goat manure and the application of PGPR showed an interaction that was able to increase plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh weight of cobs, length and diameter of cobs, and yield per hectare, while each treatment of organic fertilizer and PGPR was able to increase the number of leaves iv and sugar content of sweet corn. The application of green manure 10 tons ha-1 + goat manure 10 tons ha-1 and PGPR 20 ml l-1 showed the yield of cobs per hectare was 10,18 tons ha-1 and the yield was 34% higher than yield of cobs without organic fertilizer and PGPR. The use of green manure 20 tons ha-1 with the addition of PGPR 20 ml l-1 was able to give a significantly different effect and increase 3.5% of cob yields when compared to without PGPR, as well as the use of goat manure 20 tons ha-1 with the addition of PGPR 20 ml l-1 was able to increase the yield of cobs by 5.8% when compared to without PGPR. However, the addition of PGPR in the combination treatment of 10 tons ha-1 of green manure and 10 tons ha-1 of goat manure didn’t give a significant difference in the yield of sweet corn cobs when compared without PGPR
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040513 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Apr 2023 00:50 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Apr 2023 00:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198365 |
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