Karakterisasi Dan Evaluasi Tampilan Enam Calon Varietas Semangka (Citrullus Lanatus) Hibrida

Ma’rifa, Rochmatin and Dr.Ir. Andy Soegianto (2022) Karakterisasi Dan Evaluasi Tampilan Enam Calon Varietas Semangka (Citrullus Lanatus) Hibrida. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman semangka (Citrullus lanatus) merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura jenis buah yang termasuk ke dalam keluarga labu-labuan (Cucurbitaseae). Tingkat konsumsi buah semangka di Indonesia perkapita mengalami peningkatan hingga 13,13% pertahun, menyebabkan produksi semangka di Indonesia pun mengalami peningkatan selama tahun 2018-2020 yaitu sebesar 4.817 ton hingga 5.603 ton. Nilai produksi yang terus meningkat perlu diimbangi dengan ketersediaan benih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan petani. CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia telah melakukan serangkaian kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman semangka untuk memenuhi keinginan pasar dan akan didaftarkan di Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman sebagai varietas baru. Dalam program pemuliaan, karakterisasi memberikan informasi mangenai karakter penting dari suatu spesies, galur, varietas, atau hibrida. Selama proses karakterisasi diperlukan juga informasi mengenai nilai heritabilitas dari karakter yang telah didapatkan. Untuk itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif serta mengetahui nilai keragaman dan heritabilitas dari enam calon varietas semangka hibrida. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan milik CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia yang berlokasi di Desa Pondok Agung, Kecamatan Kasembon, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan April-Juni 2022. Bahan tanam yang digunakan yaitu enam calon varietas semangka hibrida dari CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia (BSI) diantaranya BSS07, BSS071, BSS072, BSS05, BSS051, BSS052 dan satu varietas pembanding yaitu Madrid F1. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat kali ulangan. Karakter yang diamati terdiri dari karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5% dengan uji lanjut menggunakan uji DMRT dengan taraf 5%. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan menghitung nilai keragaman dan heritabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter kualitatif memiliki hasil yang beragam pada setiap genotipe, kecuali pada karakter derajat cuping daun dan blistering daun. Genotip BSS-051 menunjukkan karakter warna utama kulit buah yang berbeda dari genotip hibrida lainnya. Hasil analisis karakter kuantitatif seperti lebar daun, hari berbunga, hari panen, ketebalan perikarp, tingkat kemanisan, persentase buah yang dapat dikonsumsi, hasil buah per hektar, dan daya simpan memiliki nilai yang berbeda nyata pada uji F dengan taraf 5%. Genotip BSS-07 menunjukkan nilai rata-rata terbaik pada karakter padatan terlarut total daging buah dan karakter hasil buah perhektar. Sedangkan genotip BSS-051 menunjukkan rata-rata nilai terbaik pada karakter hari berbunga dan hari panen serta menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhada genotip hibrida lain dan varietas pembanding pada hasil uji lanjut DMRT 5%. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang didapatkan memiliki kategori rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Keragaman paling rendah didapatkan pada karakter panjang daun, lebar daun, diameter batang, hari berbunga, hari panen, panjang buah, diameter buah, ketebalan perikarp, padatan ii terlarut total daging buah, dan daya simpan buah. Nilai heritabilitas pada keseluruhan karakter berkisar antara rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Karakter yang termasuk kedalam heritabilitas tinggi diantaranya hari berbunga, hari panen, padatan terlarut total daging buah, hasil buah per hektar, dan daya simpan buah

English Abstract

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the horticultural crops belonging to the pumpkin family Cucurbitaceae. The level of watermelon consumption in Indonesia per capita has increased by 13.13% per year, causing watermelon production in Indonesia also increase during 2018-2020, which is 4.817 tons to 5.603 tons. The increasing value of production needs to be balanced with the availability of seeds to meet the needs of farmers. CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia has carried out a series of seedless watermelon plant breeding activities to meet market demand and will be registered at the Center for Plant Variety Protection as a new variety. In breeding programs, characterization provides information about the important characters of a species, strain, variety, or hybrid. During the characterization process, information about the heritability values of the characters that have been obtained is also required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the qualitative and quantitative characters and to determine the value of diversity and heritability of the six candidate hybrid varieties of watermelon. The research has been carried out in an experimental field owned by CV. Borneo Seed Indonesia which is located in Pondok Agung Village, Kasembon District, Malang Regency in April-June 2022. The planting materials used are six candidate hybrid watermelon varieties from CV. Indonesian Borneo Seed (BSI) includes BSS05, BSS051, BSS052, BSS07, BSS071, BSS072, and Madrid F1 as the comparison variety. The study was arranged based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The observed characters consist of qualitative characters and quantitative characters. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5% with further testing using the DMRT test with a level 5%. After that, it was continued by calculating the value of diversity and heritability. The results showed that the qualitative characters had different results for each genotype, except for the degree of lobing and leaf blistering. The BSS-051 genotype showed the main color character of the fruit skin which was different from other hybrid genotypes. The results of quantitative character analysis such as leaf width, days of anthesis, days of harvest, thickness of pericarp, soluble-solid content, edible portion, fruit yield per hectare, and shelf life of fruit had significantly different values in the F test with a level of 5%. The BSS-07 genotype showed the best average value for the total soluble solids character of the fruit flesh and the character of the fruit yield per hectare. While the BSS-051 genotype showed the best average value on the character of flowering and harvest days and showed significantly different results from other hybrid genotypes and comparison varieties on the results of the 5% DMRT follow-up test. The coefficient of variation values obtained has low, medium, and high categories. The lowest variability was found in the characters of leaf length, leaf width, days of anthesis, days of harvest, fruit length, fruit diameter, thickness of pericarp, iv soluble-solid content, and self life of fruit. Heritability values for all characters ranged between low, medium, and high. Characters that are included in high heritability include days of anthesis, days of harvest, soluble-solid content, fruit yield per hectare, and self life of frui

Other obstract

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040498
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	14 Apr 2023 01:35
Last Modified:	14 Apr 2023 01:35
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198295

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