Penampilan Agronomi Dan Keragaman Genotipik Untuk Sifat Morfologi Antar Galur Harapan Dan Varietas Unggul Padi (Oryza Sativa L.)

Sihombing, Ricoh Darisman and Dr. Budi Waluyo (2022) Penampilan Agronomi Dan Keragaman Genotipik Untuk Sifat Morfologi Antar Galur Harapan Dan Varietas Unggul Padi (Oryza Sativa L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Padi menjadi salah satu tanaman sumber makanan pokok bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Budidaya tanaman padi tidak hanya diterapkan pada lahan sawah, namun juga pada lahan tadah hujan atau lahan kering dengan memanfaatkan jenis padi lahan kering atau disebut juga padi gogo. Berdasarkan data, total produksi padi di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 yaitu sekitar 54,65 juta ton gabah kering giling (GKG), atau mengalami peningkatan sebesar 45,17 ribu ton atau sekitar 0,08 persen lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tahun 2019. Namun, produksi padi hingga saat ini dinilai masih kurang dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beras nasional. Sehingga diperlukan evaluasi untuk genotip padi yang adaptif dan produktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Jatimulyo, Malang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi pisau, cangkul, traktor, termometer, gunting, mesin rumput, meteran, garpu tanah, timbangan analitik, penggaris, sprayer, gembor, dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu 6 galur harapan tanaman padi yaitu 23A-56-22-20-05, 19I-06-09- 23-03, 23A-56-20-07-20, 21B-57-21-21-23, PBM UBB 1, dan 23F-04-10-18-18 serta 4 varietas yaitu Rindang, Danau Gaung, Inpago 8, dan Inpago 12. Pupuk yang digunakan ialah SP-36, Urea, KCl dan perlengkapan karung, amplop, fungisida, pestisida. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat agronomi pada karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang daun bendera, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, bobot 1000 biji, berat gabah kering giling, hasil per plot, hasil per ha, tipe malai, dan warna helai daun. Hasil menunjukkan keragaman fenotipik yang didasarkan pada perbandingan nilai varians fenotipik dengan dua kali nilai standar error varians menghasilkan kategori variasi luas pada semua karakter. Sedangkan pengelompokan variasi fenotipik berdasarkan nilai koefisien variasi fenotipik, kategori variasi fenotipik yang tinggi terdiri dari karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang daun bendera, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, hasil per plot, hasil per hektar dan berat gabah kering giling. Keragaman genotipik luas berdasarkan nilai varians genotipik meliputi tinggi tanaman, panjang daun bendera, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, umur berbunga, panjang malai, bobot 1000 biji, hasil per plot, hasil per hektar dan berat gabah kering giling. Pengelompokan keragaman genotipik berdasarkan nilai KVG yaitu kriteria relatif rendah terdiri dari panjang daun bendera, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai dan bobot 1000 biji. Kriteria agak rendah terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, hasil per plot, hasil per hektar dan berat gabah kering giling

English Abstract

Rice is one of the staple food sources for people in Indonesia. Rice cultivation is not only applied to paddy fields, but also to rainfed or dry land by utilizing dryland rice types or also called upland rice. Based on data, the total rice production in Indonesia in 2020 is around 54.65 million tons of milled dry grain (DG), or an increase of 45.17 thousand tons or about 0.08 percent higher than in 2019. However, rice production to date is still considered insufficient in meeting the national rice needs. So it is necessary to evaluate for adaptive and productive rice genotypes. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya Jatimulyo, Malang. The tools used in the research include knives, hoes, tractors, thermometers, scissors, lawn mowers, tape measure, forks, analytical scales, rulers, sprayers, and stationery. The materials used were 6 promising lines of rice, these are 23A-56-22-20-05, 19I-06-09-23-03, 23A-56-20-07-20, 21B-57-21-21-23, PBM UBB 1, and 23F-04-10-18-18 and also 4 varieties, these are Rindang, Danau Gaung, Inpago 8, and Inpago 12. The fertilizers used are SP-36, Urea, KCl and equipment for sacks, envelopes, fungicides, pesticides. Observations were made on the agronomic characteristics of plant height, flag leaf length, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, inflorescence emergence, time to maturity, panicle length, weight of 1000 seeds, weight of filled grain, yield per plot, yield per ha, panicle type and leaf color. The results show that the phenotypic variance is based on the comparison of the phenotypic variance value with double of the standard error value of the variance resulting in a high variation category for all characters. While the grouping of phenotypic variation based on the coefficient of phenotypic variation, the category of high phenotypic variation consisted of plant height, flag leaf length, total tiller, number of productive tillers, yield per plot, yield per hectare and weight of milled dry grain. The high genotypic variation based on the value of the genotypic variance included plant height, flag leaf length, total tiller, number of productive tillers, inflorescence emergence, panicle length, weight of 1000 seeds, yield per plot, yield per hectare and weight of milled dry grain. The grouping of genotypic variation was based on the GCV value, the relative low criteria consisting of flag leaf length, inflorescence emergence, time to maturity, panicle length and weight of 1000 seeds. The rather low criteria consisted of plant height, total tiller, number of productive tillers, yield per plot, yield per hectare and weight of milled dry grain

Other obstract

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040493
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	13 Apr 2023 02:38
Last Modified:	13 Apr 2023 02:38
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198239

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