Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik dan Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey)

Putri, Oktavian Erta Ananda and Ir. Koesriharti, MS. (2022) Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik dan Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sawi pagoda atau tatsoi merupakan tanaman sayuran yang dikonsumsi bagian daunnya. Budidaya yang dilakukan petani masih konvensional sehingga hasil dan kualitasnya masih kurang maksimal. Budidaya hidroponik dengan sistem fertigasi Deep Flow Technique (DFT) telah dilakukan, namun hasil panen tanaman sawi pagoda yang didapatkan masih lebih kecil dibandingkan penanaman secara konvensional. Untuk itu, budidaya sawi pagoda perlu dioptimalkan dengan menyediakan unsur hara yang cukup melalui pemupukan. Pupuk organik seperti pupuk kandang sapi dan ayam memiliki peran penting dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, biologi, dan kimia tanah. Sifat pupuk organik yang slowrelease dan kandungan hara yang sedikit, masih memerlukan pupuk anorganik untuk mencukupi kebutuhan unsur hara yang dibutuhkan tanaman terutama unsur nitrogen pada sayuran daun. Dosis nitrogen yang tepat diperlukan untuk memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari interaksi jenis pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk nitrogen bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi pagoda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial yang disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Faktor yang pertama yaitu jenis pupuk organik dengan 2 taraf yaitu P1 : pupuk kandang sapi (10 ton.ha-1) dan P2 : pupuk kandang ayam (10 ton.ha-1). Faktor kedua yaitu dosis pupuk nitrogen dengan 5 taraf yaitu N0 : 0 kg N.ha-1, N1 : 46 kg N.ha-1, N2 : 92 kg N.ha-1, N3 : 138 kg N.ha-1, dan N4 : 184 kg N.ha-1. Terdapat 10 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Variabel pengamatan yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter tajuk, luas kanopi, klorofil total, bobot segar total, bobot segar konsumsi, bobot segar akar, rasio tajuk dan akar, dan luas daun. Analisa data menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dari interaksi perlakuan maupun masing-masing perlakuan secara terpisah maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara perlakuan jenis pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk nitrogen terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 20 HST, jumlah daun pada 20 HST, dan diameter tajuk pada 25, 30, dan 35 HST tanaman sawi pagoda. Tinggi tanaman pada perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk kadang ayam dengan dosis pupuk nitrogen 46 kg N.ha-1 telah mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman. Jumlah daun pada perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi memberikan jumlah daun lebih banyak apabila diberi dosis pupuk nitrogen 184 kg N.ha-1. Sedangkan perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam telah mampu memberikan jumlah daun lebih banyak dengan dosis pupuk nitrogen 92 kg N.ha-1. Diameter tajuk tanaman saat 25 dan 30 HST pada perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi maupun pupuk kandang ayam telah mampu memberikan diameter tajuk lebih lebar dengan dosis pupuk nitrogen 92 kg N.ha-1. Sedangkan pada umur 35 HST diameter tajuk tanaman lebih lebar pada perlakuan pupuk kandang sapi maupun pupuk kandang ayam dengan dosis pupuk nitrogen 138 kg N.ha-1. Perlakuan jenis pupuk organik berupa pupuk kandang ayam memberikan jumlah daun pada 25, 30, dan 35 HST, diameter tajuk pada 15 dan 20 HST, luas kanopi pada 15, 20, dan 25 HST, serta bobot segar total tanaman lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pupuk kandang sapi. Perlakuan dosis pupuk nitrogen 138 kg N.ha-1 dan 184 kg N.ha-1 memberikan tinggi tanaman pada 25, 30, dan 35 HST, jumlah daun pada 25, 30, dan 35 HST, diameter tajuk pada 15 dan 20 HST, dan luas kanopi pada 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35 HST serta hasil tanaman sawi pagoda berupa klorofil total, bobot segar total, bobot segar konsumsi, bobot segar akar, rasio tajuk dan akar, serta luas daun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dosis pupuk nitrogen 0 kg N.ha-1 dan 46 kg N.ha-1.

English Abstract

Tatsoi (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) is a vegetable that is consumed by the leaves. Cultivation carried out by farmers is still conventional therefore the results and quality are still not optimal. Hydroponic cultivation with the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) fertigation sytem has been carried out, but the yield of tatsoi obtained still smaller than conventional cultivation. For this reason, the cultivation of tatsoi needs to be optimized by providing sufficient nutrients through fertilization. Organic fertilizers such as cow and chicken manure have a major role in improving the physical, biological, and chemical properties in the soil. Due to its slow release and low nutrient content, it still requires inorganic fertilizers to meet the nutrient needs of plants, especially nitrogen in leaf vegetables. The right dose of nitrogen is required to provide optimal plant growth and yield. The purpose of this study is to study the interaction of organic fertilizer types and nitrogen fertilizer doses for growth and yield of tatsoi. The research was carried out in the experimental field of Universitas Brawijaya which is located in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City from May to July 2022. This research was a factorial experiment which is arranged based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor is the type of organic fertilizer with 2 levels, namely P1: cow manure (10 tons.ha-1) and P2: chicken manure (10 tons.ha-1). The second factor is the dose of nitrogen fertilizer with 5 levels, namely N0: 0 kg N.ha-1, N1: 46 kg N.ha-1, N2: 92 kg N.ha-1, N3: 138 kg N.ha-1, and N4: 184 kg N.ha-1. There are 10 treatment combinations which were repeated three times. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, crown diameter, canopy area, total fresh weight, fresh weight of consumption, fresh weight of root, shoot root ratio, leaf area, total chlorophyll. Analysis of the data using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there is a significant effect from the interaction of the treatment or each treatment seperately then proceed with the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the 5% level. The results of this research show that there was an interaction between the type of organic fertilizer and the dose of nitrogen fertilizer on plant height at 20 DAP, number of leaves at 20 DAP, and crown diameter at 25, 30, and 35 DAP of tatsoi. Plant height in the treatment of cow manure and chicken manure with a nitrogen fertilizer doses of 46 kg N.ha-1 is able to increase plant height. The number of leaves in the cow manure treatment gave more leaves a nitrogen fertilizer doses of 184 kg N.ha-1. While the chicken manure treatment is able to provide more leaves with nitrogen fertilizer doses of 92 kg N.ha-1. Crown diameter at 25 and 30 DAP in the cow manure and chicken manure treatment is able to provide a wider crown diameter with nitrogen fertilizer doses of of 92 kg N.ha-1. While at 35 DAP, the crown diameter in the cow manure and chicken manure treatment with nitrogen fertilizer doses of 138 kg N.ha-1. The type of organic fertilizer treatment in the form of chicken manure gave the number of leaves at 25, 30, and 35 DAP, crown diameter at 15 and 20 DAP, canopy area at 15, 20, and 25 DAP, as well as total fresh weight higher than cow manure.Nitrogen fertilizer doses treatment of 138 kg N.ha-1 and 184 kg N.ha-1 gave plant height and number of leaves at 25, 30, and 35 DAP, canopy diameter at 15 and 20 DAP, canopy area at the entire age of observation as well as all yield components, namely total chlorophyll, total fresh weight of plant, fresh weight for consumption, fresh root weight, shoot root ratio, and leaf area were higher than the nitrogen fertilizer doses of 0 kg N.ha-1 and 46 kg N.ha-1.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040479
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	11 Apr 2023 06:15
Last Modified:	11 Apr 2023 06:23
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198147

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