Gani, Novitry Wahyu Siptyansyah and Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, S.P., M.Si. (2022) Eksplorasi Plasma Nutfah Markisa (Passiflora Sp.} Di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao Dan Tompobulu Kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman markisa (Passiflora sp.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman buah- buahan yang ada di Indonesia. Tanaman ini merupakan famili tropis dan sub-tropik yang dimanfaatkan buahnya sebab memiliki beberapa manfaat sehingga diminati oleh masyarakat. Markisa merupakan tanaman introduksi yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan yang masuk ke Indonesia pada abad ke-19. Saat ini, tanaman markisa banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia hal tersebut disebabkan karena kondisi daerah budidaya markisa di Indonesia memiliki kemiripan dengan daerah asal Markisa. Eksplorasi plasma nutfah merupakan kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan sebagai langkah awal untuk meneliti tanaman markisa. Dalam program pemuliaan tanaman, karakterisasi merupakan langkah utama yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemulia. Jenis karakterisasi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui informasi awal pada suatu tanaman yaitu karakterisasi morfologi. Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu merupakan kecamatan di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan yang menjadi tempat budidaya tanaman markisa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keberadaan tanaman markisa manis dan markisa asam di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu, Kabupaten Gowa serta mempelajari perbedaan tanaman markisa manis dan markisa asam di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu, Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua Kecamatan di Kabupaten Gowa yaitu Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu pada bulan Februari 2022 sampai Juni 2022. Alat yang digunakan selama penelitian adalah kamera, alat tulis, smartphone, GPS, penggaris, rol meteran, refraktometer, jangka sorong, panduan deskriptor tanaman markisa (UPOV), kuisioner pengambil sampel data dan kuisioner wawancara. Bahan yang digunakan ialah tanaman markisa kuning, markisa merah, markisa ungu dan markisa lokal kanreapia dari Kecamatan Tombolo Pao serta tanaman markisa ungu terang, markisa ungu kehitaman dan markisa lokal rappolemba dari Kecamatan Tompobulu. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode observasi lapang dan wawancara dengan petani berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Gowa dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi tanaman markisa, dokumentasi dan wawancara mengenai tanaman markisa di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu. Pengambilan sampel untuk data penunjang dan sumber data dilakukan dengan cara pemilihan petani yang menanam tanaman markisa di Kecamatan-Kecamatan tersebut. Data penunjang penelitian diperoleh dari jawaban responden atas kuisioner dan deskripsi tanaman berdasarkan deskriptor markisa dari UPOV. Data dianalisis menggunakan software PAST (Paleontological Statistics) versi 3 yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk dendogram dan analisis pengelompokkan menggunakan software R-package yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk dendogram kombinasi dengan heatmap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan karakterisasi tanaman markisa di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao dan Tompobulu didapatkan 21 tanaman markisa yang dijadikan sampel. Berdasarkan dendogram similaritas sampel tanaman markisa yang didapatkan terbagi menjadi 2 klaster utama. Klaster pertama dengan koefisien kemiripan 35% atau perbedaan sebesar 65% yang terdiri dari 12 tanaman yaitu ii markisa lokal kanreapia 1, markisa lokal kanreapia 2, markisa lokal kanreapia 3, markisa ungu kehitaman 1, markisa ungu kehitaman 2, markisa ungu kehitaman 3, markisa ungu terang 1, markisa ungu terang 2, markisa ungu terang 3, markisa lokal rappolemba 1, markisa lokal rappolemba 2 dan markisa lokal rappolemba.Klaster kedua dengan nilai koefisien kemiripan 31% atau perbedaan sebesar 69% terdiri dari 9 tanaman yaitu markisa merah 1, markisa merah 2, markisa merah 3, markisa ungu 1, markisa ungu 2, markisa ungu 3, markisa kuning 1, markisa kuning 2 dan markisa kuning 3.
English Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) is a type of fruit plant in Indonesia. This plant is a tropical and sub-tropical family whose fruit is used because it has several benefits so that it is in demand by everyone. Passion fruit is an introduced plant originating from South America which entered Indonesia in the 19th century. Currently, passion fruit plants are widely cultivated in Indonesia, this is because the condition of the passion fruit cultivation area in Indonesia is similar to the area of origin of passion fruit. Germplasm exploration is an activity that can be done as a first step to research passion fruit plants. In plant breeding programs, characterization is the main step that can be done by breeders. The type of characterization used to find out initial information on a plant is morphological characterization. Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu districts are districts in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi where passion fruit is cultivated. The purpose of this study was to study the presence of sweet passion fruit and sour passion fruit in the Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu Districts, Gowa Regency and to study the differences between sweet passion fruit and sour passion fruit in Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu Districts, Gowa Regency. This research was carried out in two districts in Gowa Regency, namely Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu from February 2022 to June 2022. The tools used during the research were cameras, stationery, smartphones, GPS, ruler, roller meter, refractometer, vernier calipers, passion fruit descriptor guide (UPOV), data sampling questionnaire and interview questionnaire. The materials used were yellow passion fruit, red passion fruit, purple passion fruit and local passion fruit kanreapia from Tombolo Pao District as well as bright purple passion fruit, blackish purple passion fruit and local passion fruit rappolemba from Tompobulu District. The research was carried out using field observations and interviews with farmers based on data obtained from the Gowa Regency agriculture office, followed by characterization of passion fruit plants, documentation and interviews about passion fruit plants in Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu Districts. Sampling for supporting data and data sources is done by selecting farmers who plant passion fruit in these sub- districts. Supporting research data were obtained from respondents' answers to questionnaires and plant descriptions based on passion fruit descriptors from UPOV. Data were analyzed using PAST (Paleontological Statistics) software version 3 which was displayed in the form of a dendogram and grouping analysis using R-package software which was displayed in the form of a combination dendogram with a heatmap. Based on the results of the research and characterization of passion fruit in the Tombolo Pao and Tompobulu Districts, 21 passion fruit plants were sampled. Based on the dendrogram similarity of the passion fruit samples obtained, they were divided into 2 main clusters. The first cluster with a similarity coefficient of 35% or a difference of 65% consisted of 12 plants, namely Kanreapia local passion fruit 1, Kanreapia local passion fruit 2, Kanreapia local passion fruit 3, blackish purple passion fruit 1, blackish purple passion fruit 2, blackish purple passion fruit 3, bright purple passion fruit 1, bright purple passion fruit 2, bright purple passion fruit 3, Rappolemba local passion fruit 1, Rappolemba local passion fruit 2 and Rappolemba local passion fruit 3. The second cluster with a coefficient of similarity of 31% or a difference of 69% consists of 9 plants namely red passion fruit 1, red passion fruit 2, red passion fruit 3, purple passion fruit 1, purple passion fruit 2, purple passion fruit 3, yellow passion fruit 1, yellow passion fruit 2 and yellow passion fruit 3.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040471 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Apr 2023 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Apr 2023 07:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198102 |
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