Dewi, Cahyani and Ir. Endang Listyarini, . MS. and Restu Wulansari,, S.P.,M.Agr (2022) Aplikasi Kompos Tea Fluff dan Azotobacter sp. Terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Bibit pada Persemaian Teh. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Industri teh di Indonesia rata-rata mengalami peningkatan produksi setiap tahunnya. Pabrik teh hijau di Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Bandung sendiri memiliki kapasitas produksi sekitar 15.000 kg/hari, dimana limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari pabrik setiap harinya berkisar 150-450 kg/hari. Sebagian besar limbah teh akan ditumpuk, dibakar, dan dibuang sebagai limbah agrikultur. Tea fluff (limbah teh) mengandung beberapa mineral seperti Zn, Se, Mo, Ge, K, Mg, dan N yang merupakan unsur hara essensial yang sangat dibutuhkan tanaman pada masa awal. Namun tea fluff tidak bisa langsung di berikan ke tanaman karena memiliki kandungan tannin atau asam tannic (tannic acid) yang relative tinggi, dimana kandungan tannin yang terlalu tinggi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan aktivitas enzim. Sehingga perlu ada pengolahan tea fluff yaitu dengan cara dikomposkan. Industri perkebunan teh di Jawa Barat juga mengalami kendala degradasi bahan organik, menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wulansari dan Pranoto (2019) degradasi bahan organik di perkebunan teh di Jawa Barat dapat dilihat dari menurunnya C-organik di wilayah Bandung, pada tahun 2011 kandungan C-organik sebesar 5,93% sedangkan pada tahun 2017 menurun menjadi 5,47%. Situasi ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan kesuburan tanah dan produktivitas tanaman teh, sehingga perlu adanya penambahan bahan organik untuk meningkatkan kualitas fisik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman terutama perkembangan akar tanaman. Untuk memaksimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman maka perlu diberikan mikroba indigen yang berasal dari tanaman teh sendiri yaitu bakteri Azotobacter sp. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompos tea fluff dan Azotobacter sp. terhadap berat isi dan porositas tanah serta (2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompos tea fluff dan Azotobacter sp. terhadap pertumbuhan awal bibit teh. Penelitian ini meliputi percobaan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Percobaan lapangan dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan di Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung, Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial (RAKF) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbanyakan bibit stek teh klon GMB 7. Perlakuan terdiri atas media tanah : komposisi media tanah (T) dan kompos tea fluff (F), serta Azotobacter sp. (A). Faktor media tanah (S = subsoil dan T = topsoil) antara lain F0 (S + 100% T + 0% F, kontrol juknis tanaman teh), F1 (S + 70% T + 30% F), F2 (S + 60% T + 40% F), F3 (S + 50% T + 50% F), F4 (S + 40% T + 60% F), dan F5 (S + 30% T + 70% F). Faktor dosis Azotobacter sp. antara lain A0 (0 ml) dan A1 (3 ml). Pengaplikasian Azotobacter sp. dilakukan dengan diinjeksikan ke dalam topsoil. Pengamatan dilakukan diawal pada saat penanaman dan di akhir pada 12 MST. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 5 sampel per perlakuan dan perulangan. Parameter pengamatan tanah antara lain : tekstur, struktur, porositas, dan berat isi. Parameter pengamatan tanaman antara lain : tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, berat kering akar, dan persentase hidup bibit. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5%, dilanjutkan dengan uji Lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik tanah yang digunakan memiliki struktur tanah gumpal membulat dengan tekstur lempung liat berdebu, liat berdebu, dan liat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pemberian perlakuan kompos tea fluff dan Azotobacter sp. menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap berat isi tanah dan terdapat interaksi antar perlakuan, sedangkan pada parameter porositas menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil analisis parameter tanaman perlakuan kompos tea fluff dan Azotobacter sp. memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter jumlah daun, panjang akar, dan persentase hidup, sedangkan pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan berat kering akar menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan perlakuan kontrol.
English Abstract
The tea industry in Indonesia, on average, experiences an increase in production every year. The green tea factory at the Tea and Quinine Research Center (PPTK) Bandung itself has a production capacity of around 15,000 kg/day, of which the solid waste produced from the factory every day ranges from 150-450 kg/day. Most of the tea waste will be piled up, burned, and disposed of as agricultural waste. Tea fluff (tea waste) contains several minerals such as Zn, Se, Mo, Ge, K, Mg, and N which are essential nutrients that plants need in the early days. However, tea fluff cannot be given directly to plants because it has a relatively high content of tannin or tannic acid, where too high a tannin content can inhibit the growth of microorganisms and enzyme activity. So there needs to be processing of tea fluff, namely by composting. The tea plantation industry in West Java is also experiencing problems with the degradation of organic matter, according to research conducted by Wulansari and Pranoto (2019) the degradation of organic matter in tea plantations in West Java can be seen from the decline in C-organic in the Bandung area, in 2011 the content of C- organic by 5.93% while in 2017 it decreased to 5.47%. This situation can lead to a decrease in soil fertility and productivity of tea plants, so it is necessary to add organic matter to improve physical quality to support plant growth, especially the development of plant roots. To maximize plant growth, it is necessary to give indigenous microbes derived from the tea plant itself, namely the bacterium Azotobacter sp. The purpose of this research is (1) to determine the effect of giving compost tea fluff and Azotobacter sp. on the density and porosity of the soil and (2) to determine the effect of giving compost tea fluff and Azotobacter sp. on the early growth of tea seedlings. This research includes field experiments and laboratory analysis. The field experiment was carried out for 4 months at the Tea and Quinine Research Center (PPTK) Gambung, Bandung. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with 3 replications. This study used seed propagation of tea cuttings clones GMB 7. The treatments consisted of a combination of undercoat: soil media composition (T) and tea fluff compost (F), and Azotobacter sp. (A). The combination factors for the undercoat (S = subsoil and T = topsoil) include F0 (S + 100% T + 0% F, technical control of tea plants), F1 (S + 70% T + 30% F), F2 (S + 60% T + 40% F), F3 (S + 50% T + 50% F), F4 (S + 40% T + 60% F), and F5 (S + 30% T + 70% F). The dose factor of Azotobacter sp. including A0 (0 ml) and A1 (3 ml). Application of Azotobacter sp. done by being injected into the topsoil. Observations were made at the beginning of planting and at the end at 12 WAP. The samples used were 5 samples per treatment and repetition. Soil observation parameters include: texture, structure, porosity, and bulk density. Parameters for plant observations included: plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, and percentage of live seeds. Data analysis used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a level of 5%, followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a level of 5%. The results showed that the physical properties of the soil used had a rounded lumpy soil structure with the textures of dusty clay loam, dusty clay, and clay. The results of the analysis showed that the treatment with tea fluff compost and Azotobacter sp. showed significantly different results to the soil density and there was interaction between treatments, while the porosity parameter showed no significant difference. The results of the analysis of plant parameters treated with tea fluff compost and Azotobacter sp. gave a significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves, root length, and percentage of life, while the parameters of plant height and root dry weight showed the same results as the control treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040382 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | bibit teh, kompos tea fluff, sifat fisik tanah, persemaian teh, tea seed, tea fluff compost, soil physical properties, tea nursery |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Apr 2023 06:08 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Apr 2023 06:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/197830 |
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