Nurfadilah, Alek and Prof. Dr. Ir. Didik Hariyono, (2022) Pengaruh Naungan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Grafting Pada Tiga Varietas Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Rendahnya kuliatis bibit disebabkan karena banyak petani memperbanyak bibit kakao melalui benih. Bibit kakao yang diperbanyak melalui benih menghasilkan bibit yang tidak seragam. Salah satu metode yang dapat dilakuan untuk menyeragamkan bibit agar memiliki sifat sama dengan induknya, digunakan metode grafting pada perbanyakan bibit kakao. Selama proses pembibitan bibit kakao perlu diberi nanungan. Naungan merupakan salah satu bentuk rekayasa lingkungan yang bertujuan untuk mengendalikan penerimaan radiasi matahari yang diterima oleh tanaman. Selain naungan, pemilihan varietas juga menjadi komponen penting untuk memperoleh bibit grafting yang berkualitas. Pemilihan varietas ditentukan dari kemampuan genetik dan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, apabila pengelolaan lingkungan tumbuh tidak baik maka potensi pertumbuhan yang tinggi dari varietas unggul tersebut tidak tercapai. Tercapainya pertumbuhan kakao dapat dilihat mulai dari tahap pembibitan. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh naungan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit grafting pada tiga varietas tanaman kakao. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2022 di Balai Pengembangan dan Produksi Benih Perkebunan Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kota Bandung Jawa Barat. Kota Bandung dengan ketinggian 675-1050 mdpl. Suhu udara harian berkisar 18-31°C. Kelembaban udara harian berkisar 80%. Alat yang digunakan adalah timbangan analitik, oven, termohigrometer, lux meter, pisau, plastik, polibag ukuran 25 x 20 cm dengan berat 1,5 kg, penggaris, paranet, besi penyangga, kamera, dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi bibit kakao varietas lokal berumur 5 bulan dan batang atas dengan varietas Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, ICCRI 03, tanah, pupuk kandang dan pupuk NPK. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang dengan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT) Rancangan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 36 kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap perlakukan terdiri dari 10 tanaman sehingga total keseluruhan terdapat 360 tanaman. Pengamatan meliputi suhu udara maksimum, kelembaban udara maksimum dan intensitas sinar matahari. Parameter pertumbuhan non destruktif meliputi persetase keberhasilan grafting, waktu muncul tunas, panjang tunas, dan jumlah daun. Pengamatan destruktif meliputi, luas daun, ketebalan daun, berat basah total tanaman, dan berat kering total tanaman. Data yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dengan taraf 5% dan apabila didapatkan pengaruh yang nyata pada perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bibit grafting yang dinaungi 50% menghasilkan persentase keberhasilan grafting yang berbeda nyata dengan pelakuan naungan 0%, namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan naungan 25%, sehingga dapat dikatakan penggunaan naungan 50% menghasilkan persentase keberhasilan grafting 22,23% lebih tinggi dari pada perlakuan naungan 0%, walaupun perlakuan naungan 0% keberhasilan grafting yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan naungan 75%
English Abstract
The low quality of seeds is caused by many farmers multiplying cocoa seeds through seeds. Cacao seedlings propagated through seeds produce seeds that are not uniform. One method that can be used to uniform the seeds so that they have the same characteristics as the parent is the grafting method for the propagation of cacao seedlings. During the cacao seedling process, it is necessary to provide shade. Shade is a form of environmental engineering that aims to control the reception of solar radiation received by plants. In addition to shade, selection is also an important component to obtain quality grafting seeds. The selection of varieties is determined from genetic capabilities and environmental conditions that are suitable for plant growth, if the environmental management of growth is not good then the high growth potential of these superior varieties will not be achieved. The achievement of cocoa growth can be seen starting from the seedling stage. So it is necessary to do research on the effect of shade on the growth of grafting seedlings in three varieties of cocoa plants. This research was conducted from April to June 2022 at the Plantation Seed Development and Production Center of West Java Province, Bandung City, West Java. Bandung city with an altitude of 675-1050 masl. The daily air temperature ranges from 18-31°C. Daily air humidity is around 80%. The tools used are analytical scales, oven, thermohygrometer, lux meter, knife, plastic, polybag size 25 x 20 cm weighing 1.5 kg, ruler, paranet, iron support, camera, and stationery. The materials used in this study included local varieties of cocoa seeds aged 5 months and scions with varieties Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, ICCRI 03, soil, manure and NPK fertilizer. This study was a factorial experiment designed with a Split Plot Design (SPD). The design was repeated three times so that 36 treatment combinations were obtained. Each treatment consisted of 10 plants for a total of 360 plants. Observations include maximum air temperature, maximum humidity and sunlight intensity. Non-destructive growth parameters included grafting success percentage, shoot emergence time, shoot length, and number of leaves. The destructive observations included leaf area, leaf thickness, total wet weight of plants, and total dry weight of plants. The data that has been obtained from the study were analyzed using the ANOVA test with a level of 5% and if a significant effect was obtained on the treatment, then continued with the BNJ test with a level of 5%. The results showed that grafting seedlings with 50% shade resulted in a significantly different percentage of grafting success with 0% shade treatment, but not significantly different with 25% shade treatment, so it can be said that the use of 50% shade resulted in a 22.23% higher percentage of grafting success. than 0% shade treatment, although 0% shade treatment the resulting grafting success was not significantly different from 75% shade treatment
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040350 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Mar 2023 03:09 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Mar 2023 03:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/197621 |
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