Yoskar, Khaira Annisa and Dr. Ir. Nur Edy Suminarti,, MS. (2022) Pengaruh Jenis dan Tingkat Ketebalan Mulsa pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Stroberi (Fragaria vesca). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Buah stroberi mengandung sejumlah vitamin, mineral maupun gizi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia yang dapat dikonsumsi secara segar maupun diolah menjadi olahan seperti dodol, selai, manisan, minuman, maupun campuran dari aneka macam makanan. Pengembangan tanaman stroberi terus mengalami peningkatan. Namun, target pengembangannya masih terbatas pada wilayah dataran tinggi. Selain itu, dengan adanya kegiatan alih fungsi lahan, maupun akibat terjadinya kompetisi yang kuat diantara komoditas hortikultura itu sendiri, menyebabkan makin berkurangnya luas lahan di wilayah tersebut. Maka target pengembangan tanaman di arahkan ke lahan kering. Namun, hal yang sangat perlu diperhatikan dalam usahatani lahan kering adalah kompleksnya kendala yang harus dihadapi, khususnya adalah rendahnya tingkat ketersediaan air bagi tanaman. Oleh karenanya, rekayasa lingkungan yang mengarah pada penekanan kehilangan air perlu dilakukan, yaitu melalui aplikasi mulsa. Dengan adanya pemberian jenis dan tingkat ketebalan mulsa diharapkan dapat memudahkan dalam pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman stroberi di lahan kering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dan menentukan pengaruh kombinasi jenis dan tingkat ketebalan mulsa yang tepat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman stroberi yang ditanam di lahan kering. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan jenis dan tingkat ketebalan mulsa yang berbeda akan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman stroberi. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan, dimulai dari bulan April hingga bulan Juli 2021 di kebun percobaan Agrotechnopark Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: alat tulis, timbangan analitik, cangkul, gembor, kamera, penggaris atau meteran, oven, ember, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), soil moisture tester, cetok, thermometer, jangka sorong, gunting, lux meter, papan nama, dan pH meter. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bibit stroberi varietas California yang sudah berumur 2 bulan, air, mulsa jerami, mulsa sekam padi, tanah, pupuk nitrogen (urea: 46% N) dan pupuk fosfor (SP36: 36% P2O5). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Kombinasi perlakuan antara lain, yaitu: P1: Tanpa Mulsa, P2: Mulsa Jerami Padi dan Ketebalan 2 cm, P3: Mulsa Jerami Padi dan Ketebalan 4 cm, P4: Mulsa Jerami Padi dan Ketebalan 6 cm, P5: Mulsa Sekam Padi dan Ketebalan 2 cm, P6: Mulsa Sekam Padi dan Ketebalan 4 cm, dan P7: Mulsa Sekam Padi dan Ketebalan 6 cm. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dengan mengambil 2 tanaman contoh untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan dan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 14 hst, 28 hst, 42 hst, 56 hst, dan panen secara berkala hingga panen ke 5. Pengamatan pertumbuhan stroberi meliputi komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil yaitu jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot kering total tanaman, saat terbentuk bunga, jumlah bunga, jumlah buah/tanaman, dan bobot buah/tanaman, pengamatan panen meliputi jumlah buah/tanaman, bobot buah/tanaman, panjang buah, diameter buah, bobot buah/petak panen, jumlah buah/petak panen, bobot buah/ha, dan fruitset. Pengamatan lingkungan mikro dilakukan 2 hari sebelum pengamatan destruktif, yaitu pada umur 12, 26, 40, dan 54 hst meliputi suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, pH tanah, intensitas radiasi matahari, dan suhu udara. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya interaksi atau pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan. Apabila dari hasil pengujian tersebut terjadi interaksi atau pengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5% untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata dari kombinasi penggunaan jenis + ketebalan mulsa pada jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar total tanaman, bobot kering total tanaman, saat terbentuk bunga, jumlah bunga/tanaman, bobot buah/tanaman, umur panen pertama, jumlah buah/tanaman, bobot buah/tanaman, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah/petak panen, bobot buah/ha, dan fruitset. Pada pengamatan lingkungan mikro umumnya terjadi pengaruh nyata pada suhu tanah minimum, suhu tanah maksimum, kelembaban tanah minimum dan kelembaban tanah maksimum. Kombinasi perlakuan jenis mulsa dan ketebalan mulsa yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman stroberi, Mulsa jerami padi dengan ketebalan 4 cm dan 6 cm menghasilkan bobot buah yang tidak berbeda nyata yaitu 0,48 ton/ha dan 0,50 ton/ha; lebih tinggi 92% dan 100% dibanding dengan tanpa mulsa. Lebih tinggi 11,63% dan 16,28% dibanding jerami padi ketebalan 2 cm, Mulsa sekam padi 6 cm menghasilkan bobot buah 0,45 ton/ha; lebih tinggi 80%, 21,62% dan 21,62% dibanding dengan tanpa mulsa, mulsa sekam padi ketebalan 2 cm, dan mulsa sekam padi ketebalan 4 cm.
English Abstract
Strawberry contain a number of vitamins, minerals and nutrients needed by the human body that can be consumed fresh or processed into processed such as dodol, jam, sweets, drinks, and a mixture of various foods. The development of strawberry plants continues to increase. However, its development targets are still limited to highland areas. In addition, with the transfer of land functions, as well as due to strong competition among horticultural commodities itself, causing a decrease in land area in the region. Then the target of crop development is directed to dry land. However, the thing that is very important to note in dryland farming is the complexity of obstacles that must be faced, especially the low level of water availability for plants. Therefore, environmental engineering that leads to the suppression of water loss needs to be done, namely through mulch application. With the provision of mulch type and thickness level is expected to facilitate in the growth and yield of strawberry plants in dry land. The purpose of this research was to study and determine the effect of the right combination of types and thickness of mulch to increase growth and yield of strawberries grown on dry land. The hypothesis of this research is the use of different types and levels of mulch thickness will have different effect to the growth and yield of strawberry plants. This research activity was carried out for 3 months, starting from April to Jully 2021 in the Brawijaya University Agrotechnopark experimental garden located in Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. The tools used in this research include: stationery, analytical scales, hoe, bag, camera, ruler or meter, oven, bucket, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), soil moisture tester, taper, thermometer, calipers, scissors, lux meter, nameplate, and pH meter. The materials used in this research were 2 month old California variety strawberry seeds, water, straw mulch, rice husk mulch, soil, nitrogen fertilizer (urea: 46% N) and phosphorus fertilizer (SP36: 36% P2O5). The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatment combinations were: P1: control, P2: Rice Straw Mulch and 2 cm Thickness, P3: Rice Straw Mulch and 4 cm Thickness, P4: Rice Straw Mulch and 6 cm Thickness, P5: Rice Husk Mulch and Thickness 2 cm, P6: Rice Husk Mulch and 4 cm Thickness, and P7: Rice Husk Mulch and 6 cm Thickness. Observations was carried out destructively by taking 2 sample plants for each treatment combination and carried out when the plants are 14, 28, 42, 56, and harvest periodically until the 5th harvest. Observations of strawberry growth include growth and yield components, namely number of leaves, leaf area, total plant dry weight, flower formation, number of flowers, number of fruit/plant, and fruit/plant weight, harvest observations include number of fruit/plant, fruit/plant weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight/harvest plot, number of fruit/ harvest plot, weight of fruit/ ha, and fruitset. Observation of the microenvironment was carried out 2 days before destructive observations, namely at the age of 12, 26, 40, and 54 DAP including soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, the intensity of solar radiation, and temperatures. The result of the observations will be analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) with the 5% level to determine there is an effect of the treatment. If the results have significant effect, it will continued by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) at the 5% level to find out the difference between treatments. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the combination of type + thickness of mulch on number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh weight of plants, total dry weight of plants, when flowers formed, number of flowers/plants, weight of fruit/plants, age of first harvest, number of fruit/plant, fruit/plant weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit/harvest plot, fruit weight/ha, and fruitsset. In the observation of the microenvironment, in general, there is a significant effect on the minimum soil temperature, maximum soil temperature, minimum soil moisture and maximum soil moisture. The combination of mulch type treatment and different mulch thickness gave different effects on the growth and yield of strawberry plants. Rice straw mulch with a thickness of 4 cm and 6 cm produced fruit weights that were not significantly different, namely 0.48 ton/ha and 0.50 ton/ha. Ha; 92% and 100% higher than without mulch. 11.63% and 16.28% higher than rice straw with a thickness of 2 cm. Rice husks mulch of 6 cm yielded fruit weight of 0.45 ton/ha; 80% higher, 21.62% and 21.62% higher than without mulch, rice husk mulch with a thickness of 2 cm, and rice husk mulch with a thickness of 4 cm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040330 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jan 2023 06:36 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jan 2023 06:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/197097 |
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