Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Ambrosia Pada Tanaman Pinus Dengan Perbedaan Sistem Budidaya Di Kota Batu

Putri, Rafika Andini Alvin and Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno, (2022) Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Kumbang Ambrosia Pada Tanaman Pinus Dengan Perbedaan Sistem Budidaya Di Kota Batu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kumbang ambrosia merupakan serangga penggerek kayu yang beberapa spesies diantaranya berperan sebagai hama hutan yang paling merusak. Kumbang yang termasuk di dalam kumbang ambrosia dibagi menjadi 2 subfamili yakni Scolytinae dan Platypodinae. Tanaman pinus merupakan tanaman penghasil hasil hutan tertinggi diantara tanaman hutan lain di Kota Batu. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keanekaragaman, kelimpahan serta komposisi kumbang ambrosia pada berbagai sistem budidaya yang ada di Kota Batu. Informasi yang didapatkan, diharapkan bisa menjadi data dasar dalam melakukan perencanaan dan pengelolaan kawasan hutan pinus yang ada di Kota Batu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Hutan Tanaman Pinus di Kota Batu yang terletak di Desa Tlekung, Desa Sumbergondo, dan Desa Sumberejo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2022. Lahan pengamatan terdiri dari empat lahan dengan perbedaan sistem budidaya dan penggunaan lahannya, yaitu polikultur pinus dan eucalyptus, monokultur pinus dan agroforestri, monokultur pinus dan rumput gajah, serta monokultur pinus. Perangkap untuk kumbang ambrosia menggunakan perangkap dari botol air mineral yang memuat larutan etanol 95% sebagai atraktan. Pada masing-masing lahan pengamatan dipasang sebanyak 20 botol perangkap, dimana pengumpulan spesimen dilakukan sebanyak 10 kali dengan interval dua kali dalam satu minggu. Kumbang ambrosia yang terperangkap, dikoleksi dan disimpan dalam botol spesimen yang diisi dengan alkohol 70%. Identifikasi jenis-jenis kumbang ambrosia yang telah dikoleksi menggunakan mikroskop stereo dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Data yang diperoleh selama pengamatan, kemudian dianalisis dengan bantuan dari perangkat lunak R-studio. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 589 individu dan 15 spesies kumbang ambrosia pada keempat sistem budidaya yang diamati di Kota Batu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks kemerataan pada keempat sistem budidaya bernilai sedang. Pada keempat sistem budidaya ditemui adanya dominansi suatu spesies di dalamnya, yakni X. crassiusculus pada sistem monokultur pinus dan X. andrewesi di ketiga sistem budidaya lainnya. Perbandingan kekayaan spesies dan kelimpahan individu kumbang ambrosia pada keempat sistem budidaya menunjukkan bahwa sistem budidaya polikultur pinus dan eucalyptus memiliki keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan kumbang ambrosia tertinggi diantara ketiga sistem budidaya lainnya. Nilai kemiripan tertinggi terdapat pada sistem budidaya polikultur pinus dan eucalyptus serta monokultur pinus. Disisi lain nilai kemiripan terendah terdapat pada sistem budidaya monokultur pinus dan agroforestri serta monokultur pinus dan rumput gajah. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan komposisi kumbang ambrosia pada keempat sistem budidaya yang diamati

English Abstract

Ambrosia beetle is a wood borer insect, some of which species act as the most destructive forest pests. The beetles included in the ambrosia beetle are divided into two subfamilies: Scolytinae and Platypodinae. Pine plants are the highest forest product-producing plants among other forest plants in Batu City. Therefore, this research was conducted to obtain information on the diversity, abundance and composition of the ambrosia beetle in various cultivation systems in Batu City. The information obtained is expected to be used as primary data in planning and managing pine forest areas in Batu City. The research was conducted in the Pine Plantation Forest in Batu City, which is located in Tlekung Village, Sumbergondo Village, and Sumberejo Village. This research was conducted in January-March 2022. The observation area consisted of four lands with different cultivation systems and land use: pine polyculture with eucalyptus, pine monoculture with agroforestry, pine monoculture with napier grass, and pine monoculture. The trap for the ambrosia beetle uses a trap from a mineral water bottle containing a 95% ethanol solution as an attractant. In each observation area, 20 bottles of traps were installed, where specimen collection was carried out 10 times with an interval of twice a week. The trapped ambrosia beetles were collected and stored in specimen bottles filled with 70% alcohol. The collected ambrosia beetles were identified using a stereo microscope at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The data obtained during the observations were then analyzed using R-studio software. Based on the study's results, 589 individuals and 15 species of ambrosia beetles were obtained in the four observed cultivation systems in Batu City. The value of the diversity index and evenness index in the four cultivation systems is moderate value. In the four cultivation systems, a species dominance was found, namely X. crassiusculus in the pine monoculture system and X. andrewesi in the other three cultivation systems. A comparison of species richness and individual abundance of ambrosia beetles in the four cultivation systems showed that the polyculture system of pine with eucalyptus had the highest diversity and abundance of ambrosia beetles among the other three cultivation systems. The highest similarity index was found in pine polyculture with eucalyptus and pine monoculture cultivation system. Meanwhile, the lowest similarity index was found in pine monoculture with agroforestry and pine monoculture with napier grass cultivation systems. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences in the composition of the ambrosia beetle in the four cultivation systems observed

Other obstract

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Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: 0522040284
Subjects: 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User: Nur Cholis
Date Deposited: 04 Jan 2023 02:48
Last Modified: 04 Jan 2023 02:48
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196581
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