Violeti, Oktavi Nuansa and Luqman Qurata Aini, (2022) Uji Efektivitas Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Dan Trichoderma Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Intensitas Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Di Desa Silumangi, Kecamatan Siantar Marihat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan penting kedua setelah padi yang berperan dalam pembangunan pertanian dan perekonomian di Indonesia. Selain digunakan sebagai bahan makanan pokok, jagung juga digunakan sebagai bahan olahan lainnya. Seiring meningkatnya permintaan jumlah konsumsi jagung maka produksi jagung juga harus ditingkatkan. Namun, dalam melakukan proses budidaya tidak lepas dari adanya gangguan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Salah satu penyakit yang menjadi ancaman bagi pertumbuhan tanaman jagung adalah penyakit busuk pelepah (banded leaf and sheath blight = BLSB) yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Cendawan Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. termasuk dalam patogen tular tanah yang sering dijumpai dan menyebabkan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman jagung (Suriani dan Muis, 2016). Maka dari itu dilakukan usaha pengendalian secara hayati dengan cara memanfaatkan beberapa mikroorganisme yang bersifat antagonis terhadap cendawan tular tanah yaitu PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan Trichoderma yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan pertumbuhan tanaman serta mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pelepah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan budidaya tanaman jagung milik petani di Desa Silumangi, Kecamatan Siantar Marihat, Kota Pematangsiantar, Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada bulan Februari hingga Juni 2022. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan. Masing- masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 27 unit percobaan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 20 tanaman jagung. Parameter pengamatan yang diamati pada tanaman jagung diantaranya tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, intensitas penyakit (IP) dan bobot tongkol beserta kelobot. Data yang didapatkan kemudian diolah dengan software DSAASTAT, kemudian diuji lebih lanjut menggunakan analisa ragam ANOVA dan DMRT dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi P7 (PGPR 10 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) yang lebih baik dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang pada tanaman jagung dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tunggal dan kontrol (akuades maupun fungisida). Sedangkan, perlakuan kombinasi P9 (PGPR 30 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) berpotensi dalam menambah bobot tongkol beserta kelobot pada tanaman jagung dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tunggal dan kontrol (akuades maupun fungisida). Selain itu pada pengamatan intensitas penyakit, perlakuan dalam bentuk kombinasi P7 (PGPR 10 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) memiliki persentase terbaik sehingga berpotensi dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pelepah akibat cendawan R. solani Kuhn. dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Akan tetapi, masih kurang efektif dalam mengendalikan perkembangan penyakit busuk pelepah pada tanaman jagung.
English Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the second important food commodities after rice which plays a role in agricultural and economic development in Indonesia. Apart from being used as a staple food, corn is also used as other processed ingredients. Along with the increasing demand for corn consumption, corn production must also be increased. However, in carrying out the cultivation process, there are disturbances that can inhibit the growth of corn plants. One of the diseases that pose a threat to the growth of maize is Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. The fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. included in the soil-borne pathogens that are often encountered and cause yield loss in maize (Suriani and Muis, 2016). Therefore, biological control efforts were carried out by utilizing several microorganisms that were antagonistic to soil- borne fungi, namely PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and Trichoderma which can increase productivity and plant growth and can suppress the development of midrib rot disease. This research was conducted on a corn cultivation area owned by farmers in Silumangi Village, Siantar Marihat District, Pematangsiantar City, North Sumatra Province from February to June 2022. This study was arranged using a randomized block design (RAK) with 9 treatments. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 maize plants. Observational parameters that were observed on corn plants were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, disease intensity (IP) and weight of cobs and cobs. The data obtained were then processed with DSAASTAT software, then further tested using analysis of variance ANOVA and DMRT with a level of 5%. The results showed that the combination treatment P7 (PGPR 10 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) was better in increasing plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter on maize plants compared to single and control treatments (aquadest and fungicides). Meanwhile, the combination treatment P9 (PGPR 30 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) had the potential to increase the weight of cobs and cobs on corn plants compared to single and control treatments (aquadest and fungicide). In addition to observing the intensity of the disease, treatment in the form of a combination P7 (PGPR 10 ml/l+Trichoderma harzianum) had the best percentage so that it had the potential to suppress the development of midrib rot disease caused by the fungus R. solani Kuhn. in compared to other treatments. However, it is still less effective in controlling the development of midrib rot disease in corn plants.
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040272 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Jan 2023 07:31 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jan 2023 07:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196557 |
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