Aplikasi Pre-Treatment Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pada Ekstraksi Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) (Kajian Tegangan dan Frekuensi PEF)

Maryanti, Tri and Arie Febrianto Mulyadi, STP, MP and Dr. Ir. Sukardi, MS (2022) Aplikasi Pre-Treatment Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pada Ekstraksi Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) (Kajian Tegangan dan Frekuensi PEF). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Jahe merah merupakan salah satu varietas jahe yang memiliki kandungan oleoresin dan minyak atsiri yang cukup tinggi. Jahe merah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat-obatan karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa fenolik yang menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antioksidan. Maserasi merupakan suatu metode ekstraksi sederhana yang tidak melibatkan proses pemanasan, sehingga dapat meminimalkan kerusakan zat aktif pada bahan. Namun, metode ini membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama dan rendemen yang dihasilkan rendah, sehingga perlu adanya pengoptimalan berupa pre-treatment pada bahan salah satunya dengan pemberian metode kejut listrik berintensitas tinggi tanpa menggunakan energi panas atau Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). PEF membentuk medan listrik yang mengakibatkan suatu sel termodifikasi pada bagian membran selnya, sehingga terjadi peningkatan laju difusi zat aktif yang keluar dari bahan pada saat proses ekstraksi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi aplikasi PEF diantaranya yaitu besarnya tegangan dan frekuensi yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh tegangan dan frekuensi PEF terhadap kualitas ekstrak jahe merah serta total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Selain itu, juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya efisiensi proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 95% (reuse) dibandingkan dengan pelarut etanol 96% (non reuse). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu tegangan dan frekuensi PEF. Faktor tegangan terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 3 kV/cm (T1), 4 kV/cm (T2), dan 5 kV/cm (T3). Faktor frekuensi terdiri dari 3 level antara lain 3 kHz (F1), 4 kHz (F2), dan 5 kHz (F3). Pada penelitian ini diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan antara tegangan dan frekuensi dalam aplikasi pre-treatment PEF pada ekstraksi jahe merah. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali, sehingga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan. Sampel kemudian diuji tingkat indeks disintegrasi sel, kadar air, rendemen, indeks bias, berat jenis, total fenol (metode Folin-ciocalteu) dan aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dengan metode ANOVA, lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) dengan taraf kepercayaan sebesar 95% (α=0,05), serta dilakukan penentuan perlakuan terbaik dengan metode Multiple Attribute. Kandungan senyawa kimia oleoresin jahe merah diuji dengan metode Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan kombinasi perlakuan tegangan dan frekuensi terbaik dalam aplikasi pre-treatment PEF yaitu sebesar 5 kV/cm dan 3 kHz. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan oleoresin jahe merah dengan indeks disintegrasi sel sebesar 0,496; kadar air sebesar 7,388%; rendemen sebesar 11,027%; indeks bias 1,4960; berat jenis sebesar 0,9529; total fenol sebanyak 146,090 mg GAE/g sampel; aktivitas antioksidan (% inhibisi) sebesar 50,566%; dan nilai IC50 sebesar 47,863 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa sampel memiliki sifat antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Peningkatan indeks disintegrasi sel pada oleoresin dapat meningkatkan rendemen, indeks bias, berat jenis, total fenol, dan % inhibisi, serta dapat menurunkan kadar air dan nilai IC50 yang terkandung di dalamnya. Pada pengujian skrining senyawa kimia diketahui bahwa terdapat 5 senyawa dengan kadar relatifnya antara lain 6-Gingerol sebesar 28,892%; 1-Naphtol 15,938%; 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde 10,071%; Shogaol 5,796%; dan Choline 3,552%. Penggunaan pelarut etanol 95% (reuse) dalam proses ekstraksi memiliki efisiensi sebesar 56,210% dibandingkan dengan pelarut etanol 96% (non reuse).

English Abstract

Red ginger is one of the varieties of ginger which has high content of oleoresin and essential oil. Red ginger is widely used as medicine because it contains secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds which show antioxidant activity. Maceration is a simple extraction method that does not involve a heating process, so as to minimize damage to the active substance in the material. However, this method requires a relatively long time and the yield is low, so it is necessary to optimize the material in the form of pre-treatment, one of which is the provision of a high-intensity electric shock method without using heat energy or Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). PEF forms an electric field which results in a modified cell on the cell membrane, resulting in an increase in the rate of diffusion of the active substance that comes out of the material during the extraction process. Factors that affect the application of PEF include the amount of voltage and frequency used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PEF voltage and frequency on the quality of red ginger extract as well as the total phenol and antioxidant activity contained in it. In addition, it also aims to determine the efficiency of the extraction process with 95% ethanol solvent (reuse) compared to 96% ethanol solvent (non reuse). This research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) method with two treatment factors, there are PEF voltage and frequency. The voltage factor consists of 3 levels, including 3 kV/cm (T1), 4 kV/cm (T2), and 5 kV/cm (T3). The frequency factor consists of 3 levels, including 3 kHz (F1), 4 kHz (F2), and 5 kHz (F3). In this study, 9 treatment combinations were obtained between stress and frequency in the application of PEF pre-treatment on red ginger extraction. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, so that 27 experimental units were obtained. The samples were then tested for cell disintegration index, moisture content, yield, refractive index, specific gravity, total phenol (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method). This study used data analysis using the ANOVA method, then continued with the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), and the best treatment was determined using the Multiple Attribute method. The chemical compound content of red ginger oleoresin was tested by the Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method. In this research, the best combination of voltage and frequency treatment in the PEF pre-treatment application was 5 kV/cm and 3 kHz. These treatments produced red ginger oleoresin with a cell disintegration index of 0.496; water content of 7.388%; yield of 11.027%; refractive index 1.4960; specific gravity of 0.9529; total phenol as much as 146.090 mg GAE/g sample; antioxidant activity (% inhibition) of 50.566%; and IC50 value of 47.863 ppm which indicates that the sample has very strong antioxidant properties. Increasing the cell disintegration index in oleoresin can increase the yield, refractive index, specific gravity, total phenol, and % inhibition, and it also can reduce the water content and IC50 value contained there. In the screening test for compounds in the sample, it was found that there were 5 compounds with the largest relative area (%), there are 6-Gingerol compound of 28.892%; 1-Naphtol 15.938%; 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde 10.071%; Shogaol 5.796%; and Choline 3.552%. In calculating the efficiency of the extraction process, the use of 95% ethanol solvent (reuse) compared to 96% ethanol solvent (non reuse) can produce an efficiency of 56.210%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522100293
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ekstraksi Maserasi, Efisiensi Proses, Jahe Merah, Pre-Treatment PEF,Maceration Extraction, Process Efficiency, Red Ginger, Pre-Treatment PEF.
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Depositing User:	soegeng Moelyono
Date Deposited:	03 Jan 2023 04:17
Last Modified:	03 Jan 2023 05:10
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196546

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