Johanza, Revanda Pramandika and Dr. Ir. Susinggih Wijana, MS and Hendrix Yulis Setyawan, STP, M.Si, Ph.D (2022) Fraksinasi Asap Cair Hasil Pirolisis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang didapatkan dari limbah tanaman hasil perkebunan. Pada tahun 2020, produksi kelapa sawit di Indonesia mencapai sekitar 49.000 ton. Banyaknya produksi kelapa sawit di Indonesia akan menghasilkan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang semakin meningkat. Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan selulosa, air, lignin, hemiselulosa, holoselulosa, dan juga zat ekstraktif. Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit adalah dengan dijadikan produk asap cair yang memiliki beberapa kandungan senyawa seperti fenol, karbonil, dan juga asam. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu suhu pirolisis dan suhu fraksinasi. Pada faktor perlakuan suhu pirolisis digunakan tiga jenis suhu yaitu 400°C, 500°C, dan 600°C. Sedangkan pada perlakuan suhu fraksinasi, digunakan suhu 85oC – 105oC dan 105oC – 115oC. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Dari hasil pengulangan tersebut akan dilakukan pengujian karakteristik asap cair yang terdiri dari pengujian kadar air, kadar kalor, FTIR, densitas, dan GCMS. Setelah itu, akan didapatkan karakteristik fisik dan kimia dari fraksi asap cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi asap cair terdapat pada fraksi 85oC – 105oC dan rendemen terendah terdapat pada fraksi 105oC – 115oC. Kadar air asap cair mengalami penurunan setelah difraksinasi pada suhu 105oC – 115oC dari 93% – 97% menjadi 68% – 71%. Densitas asap cair pada fraksi 85oC – 105oC lebih tinggi dibandingkan fraksi 105oC – 115oC. Hasil pengujian FTIR menunjukkan bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi alkohol dan fenol, amida, dan halogen compounds pada fraksi asap cair. Pengujian GCMS menunjukkan bahwa senyawa fenol dan juga senyawa aromatik banyak ditemukan pada fraksi asap cair. Fraksinasi berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisik asap cair. Fraksinasi dapat mengurangi kadar air dan nilai densitas asap cair. Suhu pirolisis berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia asap cair. Kadar air dari asap cair berbanding lurus dengan densitas dan juga rendemen asap cair. Semakin tinggi kadar air, maka semakin tinggi nilai densitas dan juga rendemen yang dihasilkan.
English Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches are one type of biomass obtained from plantation crop waste. In 2020, palm oil production in Indonesia will reach around 49,000 tons. The amount of palm oil production in Indonesia will result in an increasing number of empty oil palm fruit bunches. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain cellulose, water, lignin, hemicellulose, holocellulose, and extractive substances. One of the ways to treat palm oil empty fruit bunches is to make liquid smoke products that contain several compounds such as phenol, carbonyl, and acid. This study was arranged using a Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors, namely the pyrolysis temperature and the fractionation temperature which consisted of 3 levels. In the pyrolysis temperature treatment factor, three types of temperatures were used, namely 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. Meanwhile, in the fractionation temperature treatment, temperatures of 85OC – 105OC and 105OC – 115OC were used. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. From the results of the repetition, a characteristic test of liquid smoke will be carried out which consists of testing water content, heat content, FTIR, density, and GCMS. After that, the physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid smoke fraction will be obtained. The results showed that the highest yield of liquid smoke was in the 85OC – 105OC fraction and the lowest yield was in the 105OC – 115OC fraction. The water content of liquid smoke decreased after being fractionated at a temperature of 105OC – 115OC from 93% – 97% to 68% – 71%. The density of liquid smoke in the 85OC – 105OC fraction is higher than in the 105OC – 115OC fraction. The FTIR test results show that there are alcohol and phenol, amide, and halogen compounds functional groups in the liquid smoke fraction. GCMS test showed that phenolic compounds, as well as aromatic compounds, were found in the liquid smoke fraction. Fractionation affects the physical characteristics of liquid smoke. Fractionation can reduce the water content and density value of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis temperature affects the physical and chemical characteristics of liquid smoke. The water content of liquid smoke is directly proportional to the density and also yield of liquid smoke. The higher the water content, the higher the density value and the resulting yield.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522100273 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asap Cair, Fraksinasi, Pirolisis, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit,Liquid Smoke, Fractionation, Pyrolysis, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2023 07:26 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Jan 2023 07:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196502 |
![[thumbnail of DALAM MASA EMBARGO]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Revanda Pramandika Johanza.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2024. Download (2MB) |
![[thumbnail of Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/other.png) |
Other (Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes)
indexcodes.txt Restricted to Registered users only Download (0B) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |