Keragaan Beberapa Galur Jagung Pakan (Zea Mays L.) Pada Generasi S2

Sagala, Gracella Angelica and Prof. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto,, M.Sc., Ph. D (2022) Keragaan Beberapa Galur Jagung Pakan (Zea Mays L.) Pada Generasi S2. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Jagung merupakan komoditas pangan utama setelah padi yang berkontribusi dalam penyediaan bahan pangan, pakan dan bahan baku industri. Pada tahun 2021 periode Januari - Mei ketersediaan kebutuhan jagung pipilan kering untuk pakan ternak mengalami defisit, khususnya pada bulan April sebanyak 265 ribu ton (Katadata, 2021). Kebutuhan jagung yang terus meningkat, jika tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan produksi yang memadai, akan menyebabkan Indonesia harus mengimpor jagung dalam jumlah besar. Penggunaan varietas hibrida menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung dalam negeri. Pembentukan varietas hibrida membutuhkan galur inbrida yang unggul sebagai tetua, sehingga diperlukan adanya penilaian penampilan (keragaan) terhadap suatu galur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keragaan tanaman jagung yang meliputi karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif, nilai duga heritabilitas serta koefisien keragaman genetik pada galur jagung pakan yang diuji, selain itu mengetahui keseragaman didalam galur pada tanaman jagung generasi S2 dan mengetahui galur yang berpotensi sebagai calon tetua hibrida. Sedangkan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat keragaan dari karakter kuantitatif, kualitatif, nilai duga heritabilitas serta koefisien keragaman genetik pada galur jagung pakan yang diuji, mengetahui keseragaman dalam galur pada galur jagung pakan dan terdapat beberapa galur yang berpotensi menjadi calon tetua hibrida. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu Jawa Timur pada bulan September – Desember 2021. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah alat pertanian dan alat penelitian. Bahan utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah 26 genotipe jagung pakan yang terdiri dari : JPA1, JPA2, JPA3, JPA4, JPA5, JPA6, JPA7, JPA8, JPA9, JPA10, JPA11, JPA12, JPA13, JPA14, JPA15, JPA16, JPA17, JPA18, JPA19, JPA20, JPA21, JPA22, JPA23, JPA24, JPA25 dan JPA26. Bahan lain yang digunakan adalah kompos, dolomit, pupuk NPK, pupuk urea, pupuk ZA, insektisida, dan fungisida. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif, variabel kualitatif yaitu bentuk ujung daun pertama, warna glume, warna anther, warna silk, warna permukaan biji, tipe biji, bentuk tongkol dan warna antosianin pada permukaan janggel. Sedangkan variabel kuantitatif yang diamati adalah tiggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang(mm), umur tasseling (hst), umur silking (hst), tinggi letak tongkol (cm), bobot tongkol (g), diameter tongkol (cm), panjang tongkol (cm), jumlah susunan baris (baris), bobot per plot (kg), bobot 100 butir (g) dan rendemen (%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan anova (uji F hitung dengan taraf 5%). Bila data menunjukkan nilai yang berbeda nyata, maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) taraf 5%. Selain itu menghitung heritabilitas, nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik (KKG) dan nilai koefisien keragaman fenotip (KKF). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keragaan atau penampilan antar galur jagung pakan yang diamati pada karakter kualititatif dan kuantitatif. Nilai koefisien keragaman tergolong rendah hingga sedang dan nilai ii duga heritabilitas menunjukkan bahwa karakter pada jagung pakan yang diuji memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang rendah hingga tinggi. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa karakter diameter tongkol dan rendemen merupakan karakter yang sudah seragam. Galur yang direkomendasikan sebagai calon potensi tetua hibrida adalah galur JPA1, JPA8, JPA12, JPA13, JPA22 dan JPA 26 yang memiliki keunggulan antara lain pada karakter bobot per plot, bobot tongkol, diameter tongkol, panjang tongkol, jumlah susunan baris, berat 100 biji dan rendemen yang merupakan karakter penting dalam keragaan jagung pakan

English Abstract

Maize is the main food commodity besides rice where it is a strategic role in the agricultural development and economy. Developing this commodity contributes to the provision of food, feed and industrial raw materials. In January - May the availability of dry corn needs has decreased over time around 265 thousand tons in April and 2,896 tons in May (Katadata, 2021). As strong demand for corn keeps growing, it can urge Indonesia to import large quantities of corn if not encourage an increase the production of corn. Creating hybrid varieties is one solution to increase domestic corn production. Breeding a hybrid variety can be done through several stages such as crossing, selection and testing. The formation of hybrid varieties requires a superior inbred strain as an elder. In the formation of a superior inbred strain, there is a need for an assessment of appearance (keragaan) against a strain. The purpose of this research are to know the performance of maize such as quantitative and qualitative character, estimate the heritability and genotypic coefficient of variation in tested maize lines and to discover the potential lines as parent of hybrid maize. The hypothesis of this research are there is uniformity of performance in the tested lines and there are several lines that have potential to be parent of hybrid maize. This research was conducted at Areng-areng Hamlet, Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java in September-December 2021. The tools used in this research are scissors, scales, bar, camera, gray fabric, labels and stationery. The main material that used in this research is 26 genotypes of maize such as JPA1, JPA2, JPA3, JPA4, JPA5, JPA6, JPA7, JPA8, JPA9, JPA10, JPA11, JPA12, JPA13, JPA14, JPA15, JPA16, JPA17, JPA18, JPA19, JPA20, JPA21, JPA22, JPA23, JPA24, JPA25 dan JPA26. Other materials used are compost, dolomite, NPK fertilizer, urea fertilizer, ZA fertilizer, insecticide, and fungicides. This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Treatment in this research is 26 genotypes so that there are 78 experimental units. The maize population of each treatment we use are 20 plants with the number of each sample are 8 plants. The variables used are qualitative character and quantitative character. Qualitative character that observed are shape of the tip of the first leaf, color of the stem, color of glume, color of anther, color of silk, color of the seeds and shape of the cob. Quantitative character that observed are plant height (cm), growth pattern (cm), flowering age (DAP), harvest time (DAP), location of cob (cm), cob weight (g), cob diameter (cm), cob length (cm), number of row arrangements, weight 100 grains (g) and cernel per cob ratio (%). Analysis of the data used Analysis of Varianc (F test 5%). If the results significantly different then will be continued with Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD) in level 5%. In addition, it calculates heritability, Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there were differences in performance or appearance between forage maize lines which were observed in qualitative and quantitative characters. The value of the coefficient of diversity was low to moderate and the estimated heritability value indicated that the characters in iv the tested feed maize had low to high heritability values. The results of the analysis showed that the characters of cob diameter and yield were uniform characters. The recommended lines as potential hybrid parental candidates are lines JPA1, JPA8, JPA12, JPA13, JPA22 and JPA 26 which have advantages such as weight per plot, ear weight, cob diameter, cob length, number of rows arrangement, weight of 100 seeds and yield which are important characters in performance field corn

Other obstract

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040219
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	18 Nov 2022 06:40
Last Modified:	18 Nov 2022 06:40
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196398

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